DNA and RNA

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DNA and RNA
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What Cells Need to Do

• Have Information to make what is needed
  (proteins)
• Store Access information
• Pass on Information to offspring

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Nucleic Acids

• Molecules responsible for storing and passing
  genetic information.
• DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
• RNA ribonucleic acid
• Found in cells
• nucleus
• mitochondria
• Chloroplasts (if present in plant cells)

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What is DNA made of?

• DNA is a polymer
• of Nucleotides
• 3 Parts to a Nucleotide
• Sugar (Deoxyribose)
• Phosphate group
• Nitrogenous base

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What are Nitrogenous bases?

• 2 kinds of bases
• Purines - Adenine and Guanine
• 2 ring structure
• Pyrimidines - Cytosine and Thymine
• Single ring structure

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Chargaffs rule of base pairing

• A with T
• The purine adenine (A) always pairs with the
  pyrimidine thymine (T)
• G with C
• The pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the
  purine guanine (G)

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How are Nucleotides connected?

• Scientists involved with the discovery
• Rosalind Franklin
• Watson Crick

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Franklin, Rosalind

• British Scientist
• Female
• Early 1950's
• Specialized in x-ray diffraction

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Results / Conclusions

• Showed DNA Helical
• Suggested 2 strands
• Watson stole her information

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Watson Crick

• James Watson - 25 yr old American Biochemist
• Francis Crick - British Physicist
• Chargaffs research
• Franklins research played critical role
• Discovered the Structure of DNA

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Results / Conclusions

• DNA is a double helix
• Follow Chargaffs rules
• Published Accepted 1953

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Won Nobel Prize in 1962
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Structure of DNA

• 2 sides in opposite directions
• Divided Highway
• Sugar Phosphate backbone
• Sides of a ladder
• Bases stick out
• Rungs of a ladder

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