PowerPoint Presentation Physical intro

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Introduction to Physical Geology -- GEOL 1301

• Aaron Velasco

Office Geology Rm 227B Office Hours W 900 am
1200 pm Phone [phone] Email
velasco_at_geo.utep.edu
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Goals

• How the Earth Works
• Knowledge
• Vocabulary

• Ways of Thinking
• Observation
• Analysis
• Scientific Method
• Puzzle Solving
• Communication
• What?
• Why?
• How?
• What next?

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What is Geology?
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Folding and Faulting of Rocks
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Glaciers and Landscapes
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Natural Resources
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Geological Formations and Fossils
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Volcanoes
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Oceans and Shorelines
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Earthquakes and Tsunamis
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Impact of Hazards
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Nuclear Age Issues
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Course Outline

• Introduction (this week)
• Plate Tectonics
• The Makeup of the Earth, its Materials and
  Internal Processes
• Earth Surface Processes

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Why are you taking this class?

• What interests you about Geology?
• What ideas, concepts, other things do you expect
  to get from this class?
• Because I have to?

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Goals

• How the Earth Works
• Knowledge
• Vocabulary

• Ways of Thinking
• Observation
• Analysis
• Scientific Method
• Puzzle Solving
• Communication
• What?
• Why?
• How?
• What next?

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Introduction

• Origin of the Universe
• Overview of the Earth
• The formation of the Solar System
• The early evolution of the earth
• Differentiation of the earth and its layers
• Plate Tectonic Theory
• Geologic Time

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Origin of the Universe

• "Each thing we see hides something else we want
  to see." -- René Magritte
• Big Bang Theory
• The dominant scientific theory about the origin
  of the universe.
• Universe was created sometime between 10 billion
  and 20 billion years ago from a cosmic explosion
  that hurled matter and in all directions.
• Universe is still expanding

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The Big Bang

• In 1927, a Belgian priest Georges Lemaître
  proposed that the universe began with the
  explosion of a primeval atom.
• Years later, Edwin Hubble found experimental
  evidence to help justify Lemaître's theory
  (distant galaxies in every direction are going
  away from us with speeds proportional to their
  distance)

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Hubble Telescope

• The Cartwheel galaxy, a rare and spectacular
  head-on collision between two galaxies located
  500 million light-years away in the constellation
  Sculptor.

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Overview of the Earth

• The formation of the Solar System
• The early evolution of the earth
• Differentiation of the earth and its layers

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Planetary Formation

• Planetesimals formed out of the solar nebula
• Planets formed out of Planetesimals
• Earth formed approximately 4.6 Byr

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Planets
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Overview of the Earth

• The formation of the Solar System
• The early evolution of the earth
• Differentiation of the earth and its layers

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Earth Evolution
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Early evolution of the earth

• Differentiation (layering) (about 4 Bya)
• Formation of Atmosphere (4 to 3 Bya)
• Oldest Rocks 3.8 By
• First Life (bacteria 3.5 By)
• Oxidizing atmosphere (1.8 to 1 By)

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Current Structure of the Earth

• Core
• Iron and some nickel
• Solid inner and liquid outer
• Question how do we know?
• Mantle
• Peridotite (dark, dense igneous rock with iron
  and magnesium)
• 83 of Earths mass
• Crust
• Continental (silicon and aluminum) and oceanic
  (basalt) crust
• Upper 90 - 20 km of Earth

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Physical Characteristics

• Lithosphere
• Brittle behavior (tectonic plates and earthquake)
• Upper mantle and crust
• Asthenosphere
• Plastic behavior (flows over time convection)
• Lower mantle

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Organize yourselves into Groups --

• For each row of each classroom section, start at
  Seat 1
• Count off in threes One, Two, Three
• Each group of three should sit next to each other
  so you can talk easily.

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Cooperative Learning Instructions

• Task - Find out some things about your group.
  Names, Majors....
• List the two most important reasons why your
  group is taking this class
• You must all agree on the two most truthful
  answers
• Everyone should contribute at least one potential
  answer. Be encouraging, try to clarify each
  others answers

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I really didnt understand....

• TASK -- Everyone contribute one term or concept
  that they had the hardest time understanding.
  COOPERATIVE - See if you can explain these to
  each other. You can have one answer if you all
  have the same problemCRITERIA FOR SUCCESS --
  Everyone must agree on the answer. EXPECTED
  BEHAVIORS -- Everyone should participate, try to
  explain to each other.

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What are the three layers of the Earth?

• About how thick are they?
• What is each made of?
• How do they behave?
• How do we know?

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Introduction

• Overview of the Earth
• The formation of the Solar System
• The early evolution of the earth
• Differentiation of the earth and its layers

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Plate Tectonic Theory

• The Rock Cycle
• Geologic Time
• Plate Tectonics