Title: Transnational Families and Remittances:
1Transnational Families and Remittances
- A Study of Haitian and Jamaican Origin
Communities in Canada - Alan Simmons, Dwaine Plaza
- Victor Piché
2- Preliminary findings!
- Do not cite, quote or reproduce without
permission from the authors!
3Map of the Presentation
4Map of the Presentation
- 1. Background
- 2. Model of Household Remittance Flows
- 3. The Data
- 4. Main Findings
- 5. Policy Issues and Conclusions
5Map of the Presentation
- 1. Background
- 2. Model of Household Remittance Flows
- 3. The Data
- 4. Main Findings
- 5. Policy Issues and Conclusions
6Map of the Presentation
- 1. Background
- 2. Model of Household Remittance Flows
- 3. The Data
- 4. Main Findings
- 5. Policy Issues and Conclusions
7Map of the Presentation
- 1. Background
- 2. Model of Household Remittance Flows
- 3. The Data
- 4. Main Findings
- 5. Policy Issues and Conclusions
8Map of the Presentation
- 1. Background
- 2. Model of Household Remittance Flows
- 3. The Data
- 4. Main Findings
- 5. Policy Issues and Conclusions
9Part 1. Background
10Part 1. Background
- Immigration Trends
- Total Remittance Flows
- Goals of the Research
11Part 1. Background
- Immigration Trends
- Total Remittance Flows
- Goals of the Research
12Part 1. Background
- Immigration Trends
- Total Remittance Flows
- Goals of the Research
13Jamaicans
Haitians
Salvadorians
Guatemalans
Mexicans
14El Salvador
Guatemala
Jamaica
Haiti
Honduras
Guyana
15Goals of the Research
16Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
17Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
18Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
19Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
20Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
21Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
22Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
23Goals of the Research
- Gather basic facts
- How much is remitted?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
- Assess policy implications
- For financial institutions
- For development programs
24Part 2. The Model
25Part 2. The Model
Resources Motivations
26Part 2. The Model
Resources Motivations
Channels and Barriers
Amounts Remitted
27Part 2. The Model
Resources Motivations
Channels and Barriers
Amounts Remitted
Outcomes for Recipients
28Part 2. The Model
Resources Motivations
Outcomes for Senders
Channels and Barriers
Amounts Remitted
Outcomes for Recipients
29Part 3. The Data
- Survey design
- Questionnaire content
30Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
31Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
32Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
33Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
34Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
35Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
36Survey Design
- Criterion sample of individuals
- Born in Haiti (Montreal) and Jamaica (Toronto)
- Eighteen years of age or over
- Living in Canada for at least one year
- Knowledgeable of household expenditures
- Both males and females, at all income and
schooling levels - In different parts of each city
37Questionnaire
38Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
39Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
40Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
41Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
42Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
43Questionnaire
- Individual level
- Household level
- Monetary remittances
- Goods (via barrel, etc.)
- Collective-institutional transfers
- Measures of transnational links
44Part 4. Findings
45Part 4. Findings
- How much is sent?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
46Part 4. Findings
- How much is sent?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
47Part 4. Findings
- How much is sent?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
48Part 4. Findings
- How much is sent?
- To whom?
- Through what channels?
- With what transfer costs?
49Table 1. Transfers
50Table 1. Transfers
51Table 1. Transfers
52Table 1. Transfers
53Table 1. Transfers
54Table 1. Transfers
55Table 1. Transfers
56Table 1. Transfers
57Table 2. Main Recipients (percents)
58Table 2. Main Recipients (percents)
59Table 2. Main Recipients (percents)
60Table 3. Money Transfer Channels
61Table 3. Money Transfer Channels
62Table 3. Money Transfer Channels
63Table 3. Money Transfer Channels
64Table 3. Money Transfer Channels
65Table 4. Illustrative Transfer Fees
66Table 4. Illustrative Transfer Fees
67Table 4. Illustrative Transfer Fees
68Part 5. Policy Issues
- Who sends remittances?
- Are senders more transnational?
- How much is transferred through
collective/institutionalized projects? - How do generation and income levels affect
remittance practices? - Etc.
69Table 5. Who sends remittances?
70Table 5. Who sends remittances?
71Table 5. Who sends remittances?
72Table 5. Who sends remittances?
73Chart 4. Total Household Remittances in 2004 by
Household Income Category
Jamaicans
Haitians
Household Income
74Table 6. Transnational Family Contacts
75Table 6. Transnational Family Contacts
76Table 6. Transnational Family Contacts
77Chart 3. Mean Remittances Sent Controlling for
Telephone Contact
Jamaicans
Haitians
78Table 7. Involvement in Transnational Projects
79Table 7. Involvement in Transnational Projects
80Table 7. Involvement in Transnational Projects
81Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
82Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
83Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
84Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
85Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
86Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
87Preliminary Conclusions
- Reduce transfer fees
- Expand financial services
- Tax exemption for remitters
- Promote TN family links
- Strengthen TN community links
- Be sensitive to gender, age and social class
background of senders
88 89Acknowledgements
- Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA),
for project financing - Centre for Research on Latin America and the
Caribbean, York University, for institutional
support. - Centre DÉtudes Ethniques des Universités
Montréalaises (CEETUM) and the Département de
démographie, Université de Montréal, for support
and collaboration.
90For further details
- Alan Simmons, CERLAC, York University
- asimmons_at_yorku.ca
- Dwaine Plaza, Oregon State U., Corvalis.
dplaza_at_oregonstate.edu - Victor Piché, U. of Montreal and Action Canada
for Population and Development victor.piche_at_umontr
eal.ca
91Respondents Characteristics
92Table 6. Transnational Family Contacts
93