What Are the Properties of Matter

1
What Are the Properties of Matter?

• Mr. V. Perez
• Grade 6 Science

2
Physical Science

• Physical Science is the study of matter and
  energy
• Physical Science has two branches
• Chemistry (the study of all forms of matter AND
  changes in matter)
• Physics (the study of energy AND changes among
  forms of energy)
• EVERYTHING AROUND YOU IS EITHER MATTER OR ENERGY
• What objects in the room have matter and energy?
• EVERYTHING in the room has matter and energy

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What Is Matter?

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
  space
• Ex A beaker of water is matter because it has
  mass and takes up space
• Why does a beaker filled with water have more
  matter than an identical sized beaker that does
  not have any water in it?
• Because the water has matter AND the beaker has
  matter. You must add them together to find the
  total amount of matter of the two items.

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What Is Matter?

• Why would a glass of water overflow if you kept
  adding water to a beaker?
• Because the water takes up space (meaning it has
  a volume) and has exceeded the capacity of the
  beaker
• Ex Air is matter
• Why is a balloon with air heavier than a balloon
  with no air?
• Because air has weight and the balloon has
  weight. To find the total weight, you must add
  the weight of the air AND the weight of the
  balloon.
• Why does a balloon get larger when it is filled
  with air?
• Because the air takes up space, which adds to the
  volume of the balloon without air

5
Some Descriptive Properties of Matter

• Question How would you describe an apple?
• You would observe the apple by using your 5
  senses to describe it by its physical
  characteristics including color, shape, hardness,
  texture, smell, taste, etc.
• What is the color?
• Red, green, yellow, etc
• What is the shape?
• Round or oval
• What is the hardness?
• Hard skin, soft inside, hard seeds in the core
• These are three descriptive properties of matter
  that can be used to describe an object, or in
  this case an apple
• In physics, we use descriptive properties in
  addition to the four basic properties of matter
  (mass, volume, density, weight)

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Four Properties of Matter

• The FOUR Basic Properties of Matter are
• MASS is the amount of matter in an object. The
  mass of an object will not change on the moon.
• Ex When measured on a triple beam balance, a
  paper clip has a mass of 1.0 grams
• VOLUME is the amount of space something takes up
• Ex 50.0 mL of water in a graduated cylinder
• WEIGHT is a measure of the pull of gravity on an
  object
• Ex A 60.0 kg object on Earth weighs only 10.0
  kg on the moon
• DENSITY tells you how much matter is in a certain
  volume
• Ex A metal ball with a density of 5.3 g/mL
  will sink to the bottom of a beaker of water

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Measuring Mass

• MASS is the amount of matter in an object
• Mass is measured in grams (g)
• 1,000 g 1 kg 1,000.0 g 1.0 kg
• Mass is measured with an instrument called a
  triple beam balance.

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Measuring Volume

• VOLUME is the amount of space something takes up
• Volume is measured in mL (liquids) or cm3
  (solids)
• To find the volume of a regular object, use the
  following formula
• Volume (Length x Width) x Height
• To find the volume of an irregular object,
  measure the displacement of the liquid with a
  graduated cylinder

• Volume, or displacement, can be measured with a
  graduated cylinder (or with a beaker)
• When using a graduated cylinder, measure to the
  bottom of the meniscus (which is the lowest point
  of the curved line)

Volume 66 mL
9
Measuring Weight

• WEIGHT is a measure of the pull of gravity on an
  object
• Weight is measured in grams, kilograms, and
  Newtons (N)
• Weight is measured with an instrument called a
  spring scale (and the unit used is Newtons)

• 1.0 kg 2.2 lbs
• 1,000.0 g 2.2 lbs
• 1.0 lbs 4.44 N
• 1.0 N 0.22 lbs
• 1.0 kg 9.8 N
• An object with a mass of 1.0 kg will have a
  weight of 9.8 Newtons or 2.2 pounds (lbs)
• Mass and weight are the same only at the surface
  of the Earth at sea level

Mass
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Measuring Density

• DENSITY tells you how much mass (or matter) is in
  a certain volume
• In order to find the density of an object you
  MUST
• Calculate the mass of the object (by using a
  triple beam balance)
• Calculate the volume of the object by using a
  graduated cylinder or the formula V (LxW) xH
• Mass can be calculated by using the formula
• Density Mass Volume
• Density is measured in g/mL or g/cm3

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What Is Chemistry?

• Chemistry is the study of matter AND the
  reactions of matter
• Chemists are scientists who study matter and its
  reactions
• Chemists do experiments to learn how different
  kinds of matter can change or combine with other
  kinds of matter
• Chemists learn about what different substances
  are made of by studying the elements that are
  part of those substances