WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• A PAPER PRESENTED TO THE OFID CONFERENCE ON
  ENERGY POVERTY IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA HELD IN ABUJA
  NIGERIA June 9 10 2008
• By-
• Engr. Steve Olumuyiwa B. Sc (Hons), C.Eng., MIEE,
  MNSE.
• MD/CEO Bezaleel Engineering Systems Ltd
• Web http//www.bezaleelsystems.com Email
  steve_at_bezaleelsystems.com.

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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• Political Africa Her Nation States
• 2005 Population estimated at 922,011,000 peoples
• 53 Nation States Including the Island countries
• Predominantly Arab in the north
• Predominantly Black south of the Sahara
• Multi racial towards the south especially South
  Africa.

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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• Africa's Colonial Heritage

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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• Africa's main country states with the language
  groupings

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Africa

• Africa Crude Oil Reserves Map . Source
  World Energy Council

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• Africa Natural Gas Reserves Map.
• Source
• World Energy Council

Africa
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• Africa Coal Reserves Map 1999.
• Source
• World Energy Council

Africa
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Africa

• Africa Hydro Electric Potentials.
• Source
• World Energy Council

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• Africa Proven Uranium Reserves.
• Source
• World Energy Council

Africa
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World Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)? by
Region measured in Mega tons of oil equivalent
(Mtoe). Source International Energy Agency
(IEA)?
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World Total Crude Oil Production by Region
measured in Megatons (Mt). Source
International Energy Agency (IEA)


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US Dept Of Energy (Doe) Energy Information
Administration (EIA)? International Energy Annual
2005 Table Posted September 4, 2007 Next
Update June 2008 Table 1.0 African Countries
Total Electricity Installed Capacity, January 1,
1980 - January 1, 2005 (Million Kilowatts)?
Region/Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
198519861987 1988 1989199019911992199319941995
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
2004 2005
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World Total Electricity Generation by Region
measured in Terra Watthours (TWh). Source
International Energy Agency (IEA)?
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Table 2.0 Africa Other World Regions
Demographic Total Energy Consumption Indicators
Source International Energy Agency (IEA)?
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Table 4.0 World Demographic Total Energy
Consumption/Capita Indicators Source
International Energy Agency (IEA)?
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Table 3.0 Selected World Electrical Power
Production Statistics Source International
Energy Agency (IEA)?
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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• Factors Responsible For Africa's Poor Energy
  Production Status
• Poor Economic status of African states especially
  south of the Sahara.
• Poor governance or unstable governments.
• Wars, Regional and ethnic conflicts

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ECONOMIC INDICES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF NATIONS

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or its variant
  termed Gross National Product (GNP)?
• Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) which better
  enables us know how well off the nationals of a
  particular economy are.
• Advanced Economies versus Emerging developing
  Economies classification of IMF
• Least Developed Countries (LCDs) A UN
  classification of the poorest nations of the
  earth.
• Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) A recent
  classification for the more promising nations
  among the emerging developing countries.
• A World Bank Stratification of Nations divided as
  follows
• High Income Countries
• Upper Middle Income Countries
• Lower Middle Income Countries
• Lower Income Countries

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WORLD NATIONS GDP PPP (Per capita)?
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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
African Nations South Of The Sahara with the
exception of South Africa, fall under the poorest
of the Poor Nations of the Earth by every form of
economic index used for classifying Nation States

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WHY AFRICA LAGS BEHIND IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

• Peace Safety is an essential precondition for
  infrastructural development.
• The many ethnic and regional conflicts in Africa
  have also taken their toll on energy production.
  Wars have left equipment damaged and transmission
  lines cut, scaring away potential investors in
  the power sector.
• Many Governments have not fully privatized the
  power sector. Inapropriate pricing that can not
  guarantee sustained operations.

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z
Electrical Power Infrastructure In Africa











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Central African Grid
Electrical Power Infrastructure In Africa
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East African Grid
Electrical Power Infrastructure In Africa
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Southern Africa Grid
Electrical Power Infrastructure In Africa
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RECOMMENDATIONS SOLUTION OPTIONS FOR IMPROVING
AFRICAN ENERGY PRODUCTION
Conflict resolution initiatives should be
prioritized by African heads of government and
the AU should be strengthened towards ending the
many senseless wars and conflicts on the African
continent. The fight against corruption has to
be taken seriously if Africa is to experience the
needed growth in energy production
infrastructural development. Africa needs
visionary leadership to foster true democracy
towards national stability. Private capital is
needed. Private involvement, foreign governmental
and institutional donors and lending agencies
need to be appropriately coordinated to ensure
that the eventual electrical power will be
reasonably priced to ensure project profitability
and power that is affordable for the customer.
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RECOMMENDATIONS SOLUTION OPTIONS FOR IMPROVING
AFRICAN ENERGY PRODUCTION

• Power Through Integration is the best way forward
  for power infrastructural development in Africa
• There are already several countries cooperating
  through regional power integration agreements.
  The AU and its organs such as NEPAD should
  intensify regional continental cooperation in
  this direction.
• The Inga dam project is a fantastic way forward
  in this respect.

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The Inga Hydro power Project - A promising Cheap
Clean and Climate friendly Power project that can
supply over 300 of Africa's current demands on
completion
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Interconnections From Inga to All of Africa.
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Inga I II Super Hydro Power Project already
supplying cheap power to many southern African
states. Source World Energy Council (WEC)?
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The Inga III site is under the development of the
Western Power Corridor (WESTCOR), a joint venture
of the national power firms of the Democratic
Republic of Congo (DCR), Angola, Namibia,
Botswana and South Africa.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• AFRICA is the least contributor (3) with respect
  to green house gases and environmental
  degradation.
• We can and ought to pursue renewable energy
  implementation alternatives.
• The rising global cost of oil gas is another
  reason why we need to do this.
• Implementing renewable energy production options
  tends to be more costly than fossil fuel fired
  options during construction stages.
• The long term benefits in terms of affordable
  pricing because of its extremely low operational
  costs makes this option the best for the recovery
  of our low economies.