Chemical Compounds in Living Things

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Chemical Compounds in Living Things

• Organic Chemistry

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Water

• The Human Body is mostly water.
• Approximately 2/3-3/4 of the human body by weight
  is water.
• Water carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide
  and waste products through the body in solution.

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Carbon

• Organic Basis of Life
• The chemical property of carbon to bond
  covalently with other carbons form many types of
  structures.

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Carbohydrates

• Examples
• Sugars
• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
• Composed of
• CHO in a 121 ratio
• Use For Energy!

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Carbohydrates

• Provides most of bodys needed energy.
• Monosaccharides simple sugars - form a ring
  structure of 5, 6, or 7 carbons an also contain
  an oxygen and a hydroxyl group
• Disaccharides glucose, fructose and ribose
• Polysaccharides starches - can be branched or
  unbranched chains.

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Structure of Carbohydrates
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Lipids

• Examples
• Fat
• Wax
• Oil
• Composed of
• CHO-but less O than carbohydrates
• Use Insulation (warmth), energy storage, makes
  up cell membrane and protects organs.

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Structure of Lipids
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Proteins

• Examples
• Meat
• Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts)
• Composed of
• CHON
• Use muscle contraction, transport oxygen,
  provides immunity, carry out chemical reactions
  (enzymes and hormones).

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Nucleic Acids

• Examples
• DNA
• RNA
• Composed of
• HONCPhosphorus
• DNA use carry out genetic code
• RNA use instruct the cell to make proteins.

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