Chemical Compounds in Living Things

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Chemical Compounds in Living Things
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The elements C, H, O, and N make up all living
things.
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Inorganic Compounds

• Do not contain carbon
• Ex. sand, soil, stone, water
• Exception is carbon dioxide

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Organic Compounds

• Contain carbon
• Carbon has the ability to form covalent (sharing)
  bonds that are strong and stable.
• Forms chains (can be single bond, double bond, or
  triple bond)
• Forms rings (can be single bond or double bond)

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Organic Compounds Can be formed by polymerization

• Polymerization- process that forms many carbon
  based compounds.
• Monomers- smallest compounds
• Polymers- monomers joined together
• Macromolecules- polymers joined together

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Organic Compounds of Life

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Nucleic Acids

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Carbohydrates

• Sugars and starches
• Monosaccharide simple sugar glucose,
  fructose, etc (they all look the same just
  different arrangements of C6H12O6)
• Disaccharide 2 sugars joined sucrose table
  sugar
• Polysaccharides many sugars joined starch,
  cellulose

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Lipids

• Contain C, H and O just in a different
  arrangement than carbohydrates.
• Waxes, oils, and fats
• Function in storing energy, biological membranes,
  and chemical messengers
• Saturated meats and dairy
• Unsaturated sesame, peanut, and corn oil
• Phospholipids form cell membranes

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Proteins

• Contain C, H, O, and N
• Polymers of amino acids
• Peptide bond is a special bond that bonds only
  amino acids together
• 20 amino acids 1 protein

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Enzyme

• Catalysts speed up a chemical reaction
• All Living things have enzymes to speed up
  chemical reactions.
• Enzymes are a type of protein with the special
  job of speeding reactions up.
• Enzymes have 3 parts
• Substrate (key to the reaction)
• Enzyme (lock to the reaction)
• Product (what is made after the lock key bind)

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Enzymes 3 parts
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Shape of Enzymes

• Shapes of enzymes are important because it allows
  only certain substrate to bind with the enzyme.
• Enzymes rely on living things to maintain
  homeostasis (equilibrium) because the shape of
  the enzyme changes if homeostasis is not
  maintained.

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Nucleic Acid

• DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
• RNA RiboNucleic Acid
• Stay Tuned These crazy words get their very own
  unit, Genetics!