Classical Conditioning

1
Classical Conditioning

• A procedure in which learning occurs with respect
  to one event as the result of the presentation of
  two events in a defined temporal relationship.
  This procedure was first used by Ivan Pavlov.

2
Classical ConditioningExamples

• Salivary conditioning
• Invented by Pavlov
• Eyeblink conditioning
• Emotional conditioning
• CER
• Autoshaping
• Flavor aversion conditioning
• Garcia effect
• Sexual conditioning

3
Classical ConditioningTerminology

• Unconditioned Stimulus
• (US or UCS)
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• Unconditioned Response
• (UR or UCR)
• Conditioned Response (CR)
• Acquisition
• Reinforced CS
• Extinction
• Nonreinforced CS

4
An ExampleLittle Albert

• Little Albert was not afraid of rats and rabbits
  until John Watson and Rosalie Raynor gave him
  paired presentations of a rat and a sudden loud
  sound that scared him.
• US Loud Noise
• CS Sight of White Rat
• UR Distress, Fear
• CR Distress, Fear

5
Temporal Relations

• Delay Conditioning
• Trace Conditioning
• Simultaneous Conditioning
• Backward Conditioning

CS
US
CS
US
CS
US
CS
US
6
Conditioning Procedures, I

• Excitatory First-Order Conditioning
• CSa gt US
• Inhibitory Conditioning
• CSa gt US , CSa CSb gt No US
• Sensory Preconditioning
• CSa gt CSb , CSb gt US Test CSa
• Excitatory Second-Order Conditioning
• CSb gt US , CSa gt CSb Test CSa

7
Conditioning Procedures, II

• Simple Discrimination
• CSa gt US , CSb gt no US
• Facilitation
• CSa CSb gt US, CSa gt no US
• Blocking
• CSa gt US CSa CSb gt US