CHAPTER 8: LEARNING Classical Conditioning

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CHAPTER 8 LEARNING Classical Conditioning

• Opening Experiment Directions Please place your
  head on desk, close your eyes and relax.
• This is NOT Hypnosis

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Learning

• YouTube - Scary Loud Noise
• Learning - a change in behavior due to experience
• We are not born with a blueprint of how to
  survive, we learn by experience. We have
  adaptability the capacity to cope with our
  changing environments.

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Behaviorism

• Behaviorism
• Psychology should be an objective science
• Studies behavior without reference to mental
  processes .
• RELATE EVERYTHING WE LEARN IN THE NEXT 2 CHAPTERS
  TO BEHAVIORISM aka Behavioral perspective

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Behaviorists

• Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist who observed
  conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)

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Behaviorists

• John B. Watson American psychologist who
  established the psychological school of
  behaviorism. (1878 1958)

• "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
  and my own specified world to bring them up in
  and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and
  train him to become any type of specialist I
  might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-
  chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief,
  regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies,
  abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors"

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Behaviorists

• B.F. Skinner An American psychologist who
  advocated behaviorism and studied the effects of
  reinforcement. (1904 1990)

(Operant Conditioning)
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Associative Learning

• Learning by association learning that certain
  events occur together.
• Classical Conditioning learning the
  relationship between stimuli and responses. P.
  314 Fig. 8.1
• Operant Conditioning learning through rewards
  and punishments. P.315 Fig. 8.2
• Behavior followed by its consequences

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Examples of Classical Conditioning

• Alfred Hitchcock Films
• YouTube - Top 5 Horror Movies theme songs
• Jaws Theme Song
• Bakeries
• Songs
• Sounds of the ocean CD
• Your Dogs and Cats
• Classical Conditioning with a Daisy the Cat
• Classical Conditioning Experiment

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Classical Conditioning

• Classical conditioning learning to associate
  neutral stimuli with stimuli that produce
  reflexive, involuntary responses, and will learn
  to respond similarly to the new stimulus as they
  did the old one.

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Pavlovs Dog

• Pavlov observed the salivation of dogs
• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS-aka US) something
  that elicits a natural response (FOOD)
• Unconditioned Response (UCR- aka UR) natural,
  involuntary response (SALIVATION)
• Neutral Stimulus (NS) something that does not
  elicit any particular behavior without
  conditioning (BELL)

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Pavlovs Dog
UCR
UCS
NS
No response
CR
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Pavlovs Dog

• Order of stimuli
• Conditioned Stimulus / Neutral Stimulus (CS)
  presented first THEN the Unconditioned Stimulus
  (UCS)
• Present within a short amount of time from one
  another half a second.

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Pavlovs Dog

• After Conditioning .
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS) a originally
  irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a
  particular behavior (BELL)
• Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response
  that initially occurred to the unconditioned
  stimulus and now occurs to the conditioned
  stimulus (SALIVATION)
• Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov YouTube
• Two and Half Men - Pavlov's Bar YouTube
• Interesting fact about Pavlovs laboratory I read
  about

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Pavlovs Laboratory

• ouTube - Baha Men - Who Let The Dogs Out
  (Original version) Full HD 1080p (18)

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Pavlovs Dog

• FOOD (UCS) ------------ SALIVATION (UCR)
• BELL (NS) ------------ Initially produced no
• salivation
• NS UCS ----------------- SALIVATION (UCR)
• BELL (CS) ---------------- SALIVATION (CR)

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More Classical Conditioning

• Practice Classical Conditioning
• Onion Breath. P.318 Fig. 8.4 romantic vs.
  sexual arousal
• Classical conditioning and the blink response

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Examples of Classical Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning at BGSU YouTube
• The Office - Pavlov's dog on Vimeo
• Classical Conditioning within Psychology -
  "Attack of the Quack"
• YouTubeClassical Conditioning in High School
• Clockwork Orange classical conditioning scene

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5 concepts of classical conditioning

• Acquisition- Learning has taken place when the
  animal/person responds to the conditioned
  stimulus. This initial learning is called
  acquisition. (the animal has acquired a new
  behavior)

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Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery

• Will the CS always yield the CR even if
  repeatedly presented without the UCS?
• Extinction the diminishing of an CR if the CS
  is not presented with the UCS
• Will the CS yield a CR after a wait period?
• Spontaneous recovery the reappearance of an
  extinguished conditioned response after a rest
  period.

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Distinguishing Between Stimuli

• Will the animal respond to a somewhat varied
  stimulus?
• Generalization after conditioning, the tendency
  for a stimulus, similar to the CS, to evoke a
  similar response. P. 321 snails cartoon
• Discrimination the learned ability to
  distinguish between CS and another stimulus.
• Water Bottle Experiment.
• Rape as classical conditioning p. 325

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Activity Classically Conditioning a Student

• Directions On a sheet of scrap paper write out
  the following 9 terms in one column
• UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Acquisition, Extinction,
  Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization,
  Discrimination.
• After I conduct the short demonstration label the
  4 parts of the classical conditioning then
  explain WHEN in the experiment the last 5 terms
  took place or might have taken place.

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John B. Watsons Little Albert Experiment

• Little Albert feared loud noises but not white
  rats.
• Loud noise (UCS) fear (UCR)
• Presentation of rat (NS) no fear
• Pair rat (NS) and loud noise (UCS) fear (UCR)
• After several repetitions,
• the sight of the rat (CS)
• produced fear (CR)
• The Little Albert Experiment

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Taste Aversions

• Garcia and Koellings Experiment Rats and taste
  aversions
• Rats were given food, then given radiation, which
  led to nausea. Then the rats would later avoid
  that food.
• 2 interesting findings
• Aversion developed to only tastes (not sights or
  sounds)
• Even after hours had passed between presenting
  the CS and the UCS the aversion still developed.
• Humans may experience taste aversions
• Eat food become sick Feel nauseas at the
  sight or smell of the food.
• Sheep Coyotes and Ranchers poison in sheep
  carcass.

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Human Taste Aversions

• secondary disgust- Fudge (shape of muffins vs.
  droppings)
• Favorite Soup
• stirred in a thoroughly washed used flyswatter
  (82)
• brand new flyswatter (58)
• used comb that has been thoroughly washed
  (76)
• served in thoroughly washed used dog bowl
  (71)

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Classical Conditioning facts

• People with OCD and/or Autism are 3 times likely
  to be conditioned.
• Men who saw a car with a seductive women were
  more likely to rate the car as faster, better
  designed and more appealing than men who viewed
  the same ad without.
• Associating celebrities with products
• Taking people to lunch/dinner to make business
  deals.