The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages

• The Crusades

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Goals

• What caused the Crusades?
• What were the different Crusades?
• What did the Crusades accomplish
• What effect did the Crusades have on life in
  Europe?

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Causes of the Crusades

• Since 200, European Christians had traveled to
  Jerusalem
• Jerusalem held sacred by Christians, Jews, and
  Muslims
• Jerusalem controlled by Arab Muslims, but let
  Christians visit peacefully

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Seljuk Turks

• Holy Land Sacred land for Christians, included
  Jerusalem (today Israel and the West Bank)
• 1000s, Seljuk Turks gained control of the Holy
  Land, including Jerusalem
• Turks (Muslim group), sometimes attacked
  pilgrims, and closed the Holy Land
• Turks also began to attack Constantinople

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Urban II

• Pope Urban II head of Catholic Church
• Constantinople asked Urban for help
• Pope Urban II agreed and sent troops

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Why Fight?

• Pope wanted Christians to be able to visit the
  Holy Land
• Also saw a chance to unite Europe against an
  enemy and gain control of large areas of land
• With control of land, would gain control of major
  trade routes

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A Series of Crusades

• First Crusade- Christians captured Antioch, and
  reached Jerusalem. They stormed the city killing
  Muslims, Jews, and Christians.
• Second Crusade- The Muslims fight back, a second
  Crusade was sent to regain the lost land, however
  the Christians failed and so did the Second
  Crusade.
• Third Crusade- A Muslim named Saladin became
  ruler of Egypt and declared war on the Christians
  and captured Jerusalem. Saladin signed a truce
  with European leaders to allow Christians to
  travel to Jerusalem safely.
• Fourth Crusade- Due to weak trade in Venice Pope
  Innocent III convinced crusaders to attack
  Constantinople. They burned and looted the City.

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Result of the Crusades

• Trade European ships returned with rugs,
  jewelry, glass, and spices
• Revival of trade in Europe led to the rise of
  cities
• Money Use of money in Europe rose as Crusaders
  bought items (with this banks developed)
• Technology and Ideas Crusaders returned with
  Arab advances in medicine, math, and technology

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Technology Effect

• Crusaders returned with ideas on how to make
  better ships and maps
• These skills helped Europeans become great
  explorers

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Effect on Feudalism

• Nobles sell land to support Crusades and to fight
  
• Serfs freed
• Kings unite areas and build kingdoms, grow in
  power
• Feudalism declines as cities and kingdoms develop