A1258690067jWErY

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Introduction

• One output from the BioGeomancer project is a
  document on best practice for georeferencing
  biological species data.
• The document will provide guidelines to worlds
  best practice for georeferencing.
• Several projects (MANIS, MapSteDI etc.) Have
  already developed guidelines for georeferencing,
  and these provide a good starting point for such
  a document.
• This paper, outlines the process of producing a
  best practice document and examines.
• The purposes of such a document,
• What such a document needs to include.
• Seeks ideas from potential users.

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What Is a Best Practices Document?

• A set of policy guidelines that should be
  followed.

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Why have a Best Practices Document?

• Speed and efficiency
• Consistency
• Training of new data entry operators
• Improved data quality
• Transparency and documentation
• Satisfy the scrutiny of management and
  external/internal auditors
• Satisfy the scrutiny of users of the information

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Principles of Best Practice

• Accuracy a measure of how well the data
  represent true values.
• e.g. represented by an uncertainty radius (or
  polygon of uncertainty) in georeferencing.
• Effectiveness the likelihood that a task
  achieves its desired objectives.
• e.g. the percentage of records for which the
  latitude and longitude can be accurately
  determined.
• Efficiency the ratio of output to input.
• e.g. the effort that is needed to produce an
  acceptable output. Also the amount of input data
  the user has to obtain to produce an acceptable
  result (e.g. Gazetteers, collectors itineraries,
  etc.).
• Reliability refers to the consistency for which
  results are produced.
• e.g. refers to the repeatability for which a
  georeference can be produced by the user for the
  same locality.

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Principles of Best Practice - 2

• Accessibilty how accessible are the results to
  the users/ public.
• e.g. the ease with which users, other
  institutions, etc. can access the georeference
  for a particular locality that has already been
  georeferenced.
• Transparency an annunciation of the procedures
  for collection, analysis, reporting and update.
• e.g. refers to the transparency of methods used
  to georeference a particular locality.
• Timeliness relates to the frequency of data
  collection, its reporting and updates.
• e.g. includes update frequency of gazetteers, new
  methodologies, and when records are georeferenced
  and made available to others.
• Relevance the data collected should meet the
  needs of the user i.e. should fulfill the
  principle of fitness for use.
• e.g. refers to the format of the output (does it
  include Datum etc.) and does it include good
  metadata on the above topics).

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What should a Best Practices Document Contain?

• Title
• Version history
• Definition of Problem
• Goal the desired outcome of adhering to best
  practice
• Quality Assurance Requirements
• Limitations (when it happens) - Exceptions to the
  best practice
• (Implementation Timetable)
• Performance Measures (Benchmarking)
• Glossary of Terms
• Examples (both good and bad)
• Extras for Georeferencing
• Introduction to Georeferencing
• Introduction to data quality principles

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Users and Their Needs

• Before applying the principles outlined above,
  one needs to identify the users and to assess
  their needs.
• Institutional Directors, Administrators, Curators
• Data Managers
• Data Quality Administrators
• Data Entry Operators
• Data Collectors
• Data Integrators (e.g. GBIF)
• Database Managers/Designers
• Data Analysts
• Data Users

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Needs may include

• Determining data entry procedures
• Determining data quality and validation
  procedures
• Assisting with staff management
• Data entry
• Measuring performance
• Carrying out data quality control and validation
• Data exchange
• Assisting with database design
• Benchmarking
• Data management and audit

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Example 1

• From Museum of Vertebrate Zoology

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Example 2

• http//manisnet.org/GeorefGuide.html

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Example 2

• http//mapstedi.colorado.edu/

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Example 3

• From Best Practices for GIS within King County

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Example 5

• From Museum of Vertebrate Zoology

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Footprinting of error

• Clipping

5 km
Marchantia sp., Travemunde, Germany
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Footprinting of error-2
Buffering
Moss, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
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Footprinting of error-3
Buffering-2
Collected on road between A and B
Blueberries, Newfoundland, Canada
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Suggestions welcome from Users

• What do you need in such a document?
• Send suggestions to
• biogeomancer_at_achapman.org

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BioGeomancer

• Introduction - Web Site

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• Acknowledgments