Middle Ages

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Middle Ages

• Semester 1 Day 61

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Bellwork

• What is common law?
• Is it in the United States?

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Growth of European Kingdoms

• England
• King Alfred the Great united the kingdoms of
  England
• At the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was
  defeated by William of Normandy
• William took a census, Domesday Book
• System of taxation and royal courts
• Henry II
• Increased power of monarchy
• Common law law that applied to the whole
  kingdom
• Thomas a Becket, challenged kings authority to
  punish clergy

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Magna Carta and First Parliament

• King John of England was forced to sign the Magna
  Carta, or the Great Charter
• Used to limit the monarchs power saying it was
  not absolute
• Edward the I of England, developed a
  representative government in England known as
  Parliament
• Nobles and Lords would form House of Lords
• Knights and townspeople would form House of
  Commons
• Granted taxes and passed laws

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French Kingdom

• Carolingian Empire divided into 3 sections
• The western section, the Kingdom of the Franks
  would become kingdom of France
• Franks king, Hugh Capet, began the Capetian
  dynasty
• Had little real power, dukes were more powerful
• Philip II Augustus
• Expanded French empire and power of the monarchy
• Philip IV
• Started French parliament, called Estates-General
• 1st estate clergy
• 2nd estate nobles
• 3rd estate townspeople and peasants

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Holy Roman Empire

• Saxons became kings of the eastern Frankish
  kingdom which became Germany
• Best known Saxon king of Germany, Otto I
• Crowned emperor to protect the pope
• German kings attempted to rule both German and
  Italian lands
• Caused power struggle between popes and kings
• Lay investiture allowed king to appoint popes
• German kings focused on Italy leaving Germany in
  the hands of the nobles who created independent
  kingdoms
• German Holy Roman Emperor had no real power

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• Example of Church vs State in Holy Roman Empire
• Emperor Henry VI angry that Pope Gregory banned
  lay investiture. Henry was angry told Gregory to
  step down. Gregory excommunicated Henry. Henry
  forced to beg for forgiveness.
• Concordat of Worms
• Only Church could appoint a bishop, but emperor
  could veto the appointment

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Disorder in Holy Roman Empire

• First ruler to the Holy Roman Empire
• Frederick I
• Forced princes to respect him, when he was away
  princes caused disorder
• Invaded rich Italian cities causing them to form
  the Lombard League
• Battle of Legnano Fredrick defeated and made
  peace with the pope
• Germany unable to unify

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Central and Eastern Europe

• Slavic people divided into three major groups
  western, southern and eastern Slavs
• Western Slavs formed Polish and Bohemian
  kingdoms converted to Christianity
• Non-Slavic kingdom became Hungary converted to
  Christianity
• Southern and eastern Slavic population converted
  to Orthodox Christianity

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Development of Russia

• Eastern Slavic people settled into the territory
  of present-day Ukraine and Russia they
  encountered Swedish Vikings Vikings eventually
  dominated the native peoples Viking rulers were
  called Rus
• Kingdom became Eastern Orthodox Christians
• Mongols conquered Russia Russian princes had to
  pay tribute
• Alexander Nevsky, most powerful Russian prince,
  stopped an invading German army and received
  title of grand prince his descendents became
  leaders of all of Russia

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Honors Assignment
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Regular Assignment

• Read pages 370 373
• Make a timeline that list the significant dates
  and events for the Holy Roman Empire

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Regular Assignment
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Regular Assignment