Title: Nonverbal Communication
1Understanding Human Communication
2(No Transcript)
3 4 "I am happy because my son is finally free, in
this country, but at the same time I am suffering
because other political prisoners are in jail
because they express freely their ideas."
-Ishmael Sambra, whose son was imprisoned for
five years for expressing his political beliefs.
5 - Upward of 60 of meaning in any social situation
is communicated nonverbally (Burgoon Bacue,
2003) - Others believe 93 of meaning is communicated
nonverbally
6Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication exists
- Nonverbal behavior has communicative value
7Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication is primarily relational
(social functions) - Identity management
- Define relationships
- Convey emotions that we may be unwilling to
express
8Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication is ambiguous
- Superior Customer Service
- Decoding ability increases with age and training
- Women are more accurate at interpreting nonverbal
signals
9Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
- Much Nonverbal Communication is Culture-bound
10 11Differences between Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
- Single vs. Multiple Channels
- Discrete vs. Continuous
- Conscious vs. Unconscious
12Functions of Nonverbal Communication
- Repeating
- Substituting
- Complementing
- Accenting
- Regulating
- Contradicting
13Types of Nonverbal Communication
- Posture and Gesture (Kinesics)
- Face and Eyes
- Voice (Paralanguage)
- Touch (Haptics)
- Physical Attractiveness
- Clothing
- Distance (Proxemics)
- Time (Chronemics)
- Territoriality
- Environment
14Kinesics
- Career Counselors use posture echoes
- Rapists use postural clues to select victims
- Detecting status based on posture
- Manipulators
15Face and Eyes
- Eye Contact - Gaze
- Reveals Range of Emotions
- Monitor Effect of Communication
- U.S. Speakers Maintain 38-41
- U.S. Listeners Maintain 62-75
- More with Comfortable Topics
16Face and Eyes
- Smiling cocktail waitresses earn larger tips
- Pupils grow larger in proportion to degree of
interest - Arab merchant noticed pupil of customer
- Facial expressions are hard to read because of
speed which they change and the many different
emotions displayed
17Paralanguage
- Voice can reinforce, contradict, or shape
perception - Listeners pay more attention to vocal messages
than words being spoken - Communicators are most likely to comply with
requests delivered by speakers whose rate is
similar to their own - Those who speak loudly without hesitation are
viewed as more confident
18Haptics
- Increases childs mental functioning and physical
health - 70 who were touch complied, 40 of untouched
complied (dime study) - Larger tips alcohol consumption for waiters and
waitresses
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20Physical Attractiveness
- Posture, gestures, facial expressions and other
behaviors increase attractiveness - Women who are perceived as attractive have more
dates, higher grades in college, persuade males
with greater ease, receive lighter court
sentences - Shorter men have more difficulty finding jobs
- Men over 62 receive salaries at 12.4 higher
- Children as young as 3 agree on attraction
- Attractive students are seen as more intelligent,
friendly, and popular
21Self Presentation
- Body Type
- Endomorph
- Mesomorph
- Ectomorph
22Clothing and Personal Grooming
23Clothing and Personal Grooming
- Uniforms influence pedestrians to pick up litter
- 83 of pedestrians followed jay-walker dressed in
higher-status clothing - 48 of pedestrians followed jay-walker dressed in
lower-status clothing - Women wearing a suit and jacket are rated more
powerful -
24Distance
- Intimate Distance - 0 to 18
- Personal Distance - 18 to 4
- Social Distance - 4 to 12
- Public Distance - 12
25Chronemics
- American teacher discovered cultural differences
in time when teaching at college in Brazil
26Territory
- Grant people with higher status more personal
territory
27Environment
- Researchers showed 99 students slides of the
interior of 12 upper-middle-class homes - Professors with well-decorated offices were more
credible - Removing a doctors desk makes patients feel
almost 5 times more at ease - Arrangement of desks in a classroom
28Cultural Variations
- In Japan, people gaze at Adams apple and avoid
direct eye contact. - Chinese, Indonesians, and rural Mexicans lower
eyes as sign of good manners. - Arabs look intently into the persons eyes
- OK sign is a vulgar gesture in Germany and Brazil
- People from the Middle East stand much closer
29Gender Variations
- Women have more frequent
- eye contact
- Women tend to smile more
- Women keep their arms close
- to their body
- Not only do men and women use nonverbal behaviors
in different ways, but they differ in how they
interpret the nonverbal communication behaviors
of others.