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Nonverbal Communication

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Personal Distance - 18' to 4' Social Distance - 4' to 12' Public Distance - 12' Chronemics ... In Japan, people gaze at Adam's apple and avoid direct eye contact. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nonverbal Communication


1
Understanding Human Communication
  • Nonverbal Communication

2
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4

"I am happy because my son is finally free, in
this country, but at the same time I am suffering
because other political prisoners are in jail
because they express freely their ideas."
-Ishmael Sambra, whose son was imprisoned for
five years for expressing his political beliefs.
5
  • Upward of 60 of meaning in any social situation
    is communicated nonverbally (Burgoon Bacue,
    2003)
  • Others believe 93 of meaning is communicated
    nonverbally

6
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
  • Nonverbal communication exists
  • Nonverbal behavior has communicative value

7
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
  • Nonverbal communication is primarily relational
    (social functions)
  • Identity management
  • Define relationships
  • Convey emotions that we may be unwilling to
    express

8
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
  • Nonverbal communication is ambiguous
  • Superior Customer Service
  • Decoding ability increases with age and training
  • Women are more accurate at interpreting nonverbal
    signals

9
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
  • Much Nonverbal Communication is Culture-bound

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11
Differences between Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
  • Single vs. Multiple Channels
  • Discrete vs. Continuous
  • Conscious vs. Unconscious

12
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
  • Repeating
  • Substituting
  • Complementing
  • Accenting
  • Regulating
  • Contradicting

13
Types of Nonverbal Communication
  • Posture and Gesture (Kinesics)
  • Face and Eyes
  • Voice (Paralanguage)
  • Touch (Haptics)
  • Physical Attractiveness
  • Clothing
  • Distance (Proxemics)
  • Time (Chronemics)
  • Territoriality
  • Environment

14
Kinesics
  • Career Counselors use posture echoes
  • Rapists use postural clues to select victims
  • Detecting status based on posture
  • Manipulators

15
Face and Eyes
  • Eye Contact - Gaze
  • Reveals Range of Emotions
  • Monitor Effect of Communication
  • U.S. Speakers Maintain 38-41
  • U.S. Listeners Maintain 62-75
  • More with Comfortable Topics

16
Face and Eyes
  • Smiling cocktail waitresses earn larger tips
  • Pupils grow larger in proportion to degree of
    interest
  • Arab merchant noticed pupil of customer
  • Facial expressions are hard to read because of
    speed which they change and the many different
    emotions displayed

17
Paralanguage
  • Voice can reinforce, contradict, or shape
    perception
  • Listeners pay more attention to vocal messages
    than words being spoken
  • Communicators are most likely to comply with
    requests delivered by speakers whose rate is
    similar to their own
  • Those who speak loudly without hesitation are
    viewed as more confident

18
Haptics
  • Increases childs mental functioning and physical
    health
  • 70 who were touch complied, 40 of untouched
    complied (dime study)
  • Larger tips alcohol consumption for waiters and
    waitresses

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Physical Attractiveness
  • Posture, gestures, facial expressions and other
    behaviors increase attractiveness
  • Women who are perceived as attractive have more
    dates, higher grades in college, persuade males
    with greater ease, receive lighter court
    sentences
  • Shorter men have more difficulty finding jobs
  • Men over 62 receive salaries at 12.4 higher
  • Children as young as 3 agree on attraction
  • Attractive students are seen as more intelligent,
    friendly, and popular

21
Self Presentation
  • Body Type
  • Endomorph
  • Mesomorph
  • Ectomorph

22
Clothing and Personal Grooming
23
Clothing and Personal Grooming
  • Uniforms influence pedestrians to pick up litter
  • 83 of pedestrians followed jay-walker dressed in
    higher-status clothing
  • 48 of pedestrians followed jay-walker dressed in
    lower-status clothing
  • Women wearing a suit and jacket are rated more
    powerful

24
Distance
  • Intimate Distance - 0 to 18
  • Personal Distance - 18 to 4
  • Social Distance - 4 to 12
  • Public Distance - 12

25
Chronemics
  • American teacher discovered cultural differences
    in time when teaching at college in Brazil

26
Territory
  • Grant people with higher status more personal
    territory

27
Environment
  • Researchers showed 99 students slides of the
    interior of 12 upper-middle-class homes
  • Professors with well-decorated offices were more
    credible
  • Removing a doctors desk makes patients feel
    almost 5 times more at ease
  • Arrangement of desks in a classroom

28
Cultural Variations
  • In Japan, people gaze at Adams apple and avoid
    direct eye contact.
  • Chinese, Indonesians, and rural Mexicans lower
    eyes as sign of good manners.
  • Arabs look intently into the persons eyes
  • OK sign is a vulgar gesture in Germany and Brazil
  • People from the Middle East stand much closer

29
Gender Variations
  • Women have more frequent
  • eye contact
  • Women tend to smile more
  • Women keep their arms close
  • to their body
  • Not only do men and women use nonverbal behaviors
    in different ways, but they differ in how they
    interpret the nonverbal communication behaviors
    of others.
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