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Chapter 1 Introduction to Life

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Title: Chapter 1 Introduction to Life


1
Chapter 1Introduction to Life
  • Ms. Ings

2
Do Now
  • List 5 safety rules in the laboratory.

3
Do Now-
  • What is biology?
  • What topics do you study in Biology?

4
Biology (Chapter 1.1 pg. 4-10)
  • Study of life or once living things
  • Study the structure of living things and how they
    interact with one another
  • Study of how living things function

5
Think Pair - Share
  • What is a biologist?
  • What does he or she do?
  • Where does this type of scientist do his or her
    work?
  • Draw one!

6
Biologists
  • Study the diversity of life
  • Research diseases
  • Develop technologies
  • Improve agriculture
  • Preserve the environment

7
Do Now
  • How is biology used in a supermarket?
  • List at least 3 different ways.

8
Make a list of the items in this picture that you
consider alive or were alive at some point.
Think Pair Share
9
Lets Brainstorm
  • What characteristics does a living thing have?
  • Lets make a class list
  • 1.

10
Eight Characteristics of life
  • Made of one or more cells
  • Display Organization
  • Grows and develops
  • Reproduces
  • Responds to stimuli
  • Requires energy
  • Maintains homeostasis
  • Adaptations evolve over time

11
1. Living things are made of one or more cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and
    function in all living things.
  • Unicellular Multicellular-

12
2. Displays Organization
  • Living things are arranged in an orderly way.
  • Cell- Smallest unit of life
  • Ex. Liver Cell
  • Tissue- group of cells that have same structure
    and function (look alike)
  • Ex. - Epithelial tissue (outer skin cells)
  • Organ- different tissues that work together to
    perform a function
  • Ex- Kidney

13
2. Organization (Cont.)
  • System- Group of organs working together
  • Ex. Urinary System
  • Organism- Organ systems working together (whole)
  • Ex. Gorilla

14
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15
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16
3. Growth
  • gets larger by using materials and energy from
    environment
  • Growth occurs through cell division and cell
    enlargement

17
Do Now
  • Which of the following would be studied in
    biology?
  • Explain why or why not.
  • 1. Distance between stars
  • 2. Length of between algae blooms
  • 3. Cause and effect relationship between bacteria
    and plant growth
  • 4. Amount of natural gas found in New Jersey
  • 5. The relationship between mercury concentration
    and lifespan of tuna fish

18
Objectives
  • SWBAT understand and explain the 8
    characteristics of life
  • SWBAT apply the characteristics of life to a
    living thing
  • SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of
    science

19
4. Reproduction
  • A species is a group of organisms that can breed
    with one another and produce fertile offspring.
  • ex. Asexual ex. Sexual

20
5. Respond to Stimuli
  • Anything that causes some sort of reaction by the
    organism is called a stimulus.
  • The reaction to a stimulus is a response.

21
6. Requires Energy
  • Living things get their energy from food.
  • energy is the ability to do work
  • Plants use energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
  • All living organisms break down food
  • and release energy
  • (cellular respiration)

22
7. Maintains Homeostasis
  • Homeostasis Regulation of an organisms internal
    conditions to maintain life
  • If anything happens within or to an organism that
    affects its normal state, processes to restore
    the normal state begin.

23
8. Adaptations Evolve Over Time
  • An adaptation is any inherited characteristic
    that results from changes to a species over time.

24
All eight characteristics must be present to be
considered alive!
25
Think-Pair-Share
  • Using all 8 characteristics of life, explain why
    a butterfly is alive

26
Lets try an activity
  • We are going to break up into groups
  • Alive or Not?

27
Do Now
  • Explain (using the 8 characteristics of life)
    why we are alive! Provide examples!

28
Objectives
  • SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not
    and explain why
  • SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of
    science
  • SWBAT explore the steps of the scientific method.
  • SWBAT make observations and inferences and
    differentiate between the two.

29
What is Science?
  • Which of the following are considered science?
  • Astrology
  • Ornithology
  • Marine Biology
  • Religion
  • Zoology

30
1.3 Nature of Science (pg. 16- 21)
  • Science is a body of knowledge based on the study
    of nature.
  • Scientific inquiry is both a creative process and
    a process rooted in unbiased observations and
    experimentation.

31
THE CUBES!
  • FIRST RULE Do not touch the cubes!
  • Lets brainstorm What questions do you have
    about the cubes?

32
The cubes Cont.
  • What is on the bottom of the cube?
  • What is evidence? What does the word mean?
  • Using data (observations), try to convince me and
    your classmates what is on the bottom of the
    cube. Provide evidence!

33
Pick up the cubes Go ahead!
  • There is no way of knowing the absolute answer to
    a scientific question.
  • WHAT? MS INGS? ALL THAT FOR NOTHING.
  • Nature of Science

34
Scientific Investigations
  • Lets list the steps we went through in our
    scientific investigation

35
An example experiment
  • Who likes to cook???
  • How do you cook spaghetti?

36
OBJECTIVES
37
1. Ask a Question
  • Scientific inquiry begins with observation.
  • Science inquiry involves asking questions and
    processing information from a variety of reliable
    sources.

38
Do Now
  • Try to list the steps of the scientific method!

39
Objectives
  • 1. SWBAT practice making observations.
  • 2. SWBAT differentiate between observations and
    inferences
  • 3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
    scientific method.

40
Short Demo on ..
41
Observation vs. Inference
  • Observation- direct way of gathering information
    in an organized way.
  • Inference- taking observations and making a
    logical conclusion

42
Do Now
  • Explain why a virus is NOT considered alive.

43
Objectives
  • 1. SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not
    and explain why
  • 2. SWBAT differentiate between observations and
    inferences
  • 3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
    scientific method.

44
Lets make some observations!
  • I need someone to write on the board for me!

45
2. Form a Hypothesis
  • Hypothesis - a testable explanation of a
    situation.
  • Hypothesis that are supported through experiments
    and data are then accepted in the scientific
    community.

46
3. Collect the Data
  • Biologist conducts an experiment, (a phenomenon
    in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis).

47
Do Now
  • 1. Which is an indication that an idea is based
    on pseudoscience?
  • A. It brings up more questions.
  • B. It causes disagreement and debate.
  • C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.
  • D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.
  • 2. Some species of plants begin opening their
    flowers in the morning when they are exposed to
    sunlight. What characteristic of living things
    does this represent?
  • A. acquiring energy
  • B. adapting to the environment
  • C. displaying organization
  • D. responding to stimuli

48
4. Controlled Experiments
  • 1. Experimental Group- group that is being
    manipulated
  • 2. Control Group- group you keep the same (all
    variables are constant)

49
5. Experimental Design
  • Independent variableonly one factor in a
    experiment that can change
  • Dependent variableresults from or depends on
    changes to the independent variable

50
Think Pair ShareDo Now- Period 8
  • Identify control, experimental group,
    independent variable, dependent variable,
    constants
  • Food Scientists are working together to develop a
    better tasting sweet mint Trident gum. Each
    person sampling the gum gets ONE original sweet
    mint and ONE sweet mint with added spearmint to
    try to improve taste. The tasters did not know
    what they were trying and had to record their
    results.

51
Do Now
  • A new medicine is out on the market that helps
    people retain information better (smart pill).
    In a recent study, one group was given the smart
    pill and the other group was given a placebo
    (sugar pill).
  • Identify control group and experimental group
  • Explain why researchers found the need to have
    two different groups

52
Objectives
  • 1. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the
    scientific method.
  • 2. SWBAT work in groups to identify control
    group, experimental group, hypothesis,
    conclusion, independent, and dependent variables.
  • 3. SWBAT analyze a graph.

53
6. Data Gathering
  • Data - information gained from observations.
  • Quantitative data - measurements of time,
    temperature, length, or other factors.
  • Qualitative data - descriptions of what our
    senses detect.

54
Data
  • I want you gather qualitative and quantitative
    data from this picture.

55
7. Analyze the Data
  • A graph of the data makes easier to interpret.

56
Graphing
  • Analyze this graph.
  • Reach a conclusion!

57
8. Report Conclusions
  • Conclusions are published so other can review the
    results and discuss the merit of the experiment.

58
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
59
Identify the following terms identify the
problem, hypothesis, experiment, independent
variable, dependent variable, and create a
conclusion
  • The leaves on my tomato plants were turning
    yellow. I was not sure what to do. I decided
    that maybe they were not getting enough sun. I
    moved one plant into the sun and left the other
    one where it was. I recorded the different
    shades of the leaves (yellow, yellow-green, and
    green).

60
Section 1.3 Review - Matching!
61
Think Pair - Share
  • Design an experiment to determine why the fish
    are dying in your tank. Identify the control,
    constants, independent variable, dependent
    variable, and experimental group.

62
Do Now
  • In trying to develop a lighter color honey, bee
    keepers allow the bees to only visit sunflowers.
  • Design an experiment to test this. In your
    experiment, identify
  • Control group, experimental group, independent
    variable, dependent variable, constants

63
1.2 Nature of Science (pg. 11 15)
  • Uses Scientific Theory
  • Theory- explanation of a natural phenomenon
    supported by many observations and experiments
    over time
  • Ex.
  • Results are always constant!

64
A. Expands Scientific Knowledge
  • Science is under constant reevaluation of what is
    known.
  • Ex. Classification, Food Pyramid
  • Can lead to new knowledge
  • Reevaluation cycle continues!

65
B. Challenges Accepted Theories
  • Scientists debate each other ideas
  • Science accommodates new information as it is
    discovered

66
C. Questions Results
  • Scientist can find data that is not consistent
    with current scientific understanding
  • These inconsistencies often lead to further
    investigations

67
Think Pair - Share
  • Read the following and critique the author.
  • What else can the scientist do to further his/her
    own studies?
  • A marine biologist studying whales put markers
    on one white whale to determine migration. This
    scientist then concluded that all whales migrate
    from the Gulf to the mid Atlantic ocean.

68
D. Tests Claims
  • Conclusions are reached after
  • Controlled experiments
  • Unbiased investigations
  • Large amounts of data

69
Undergoes Peer Review
  • Experiments are reviewed by scientists peers.
    (Peer review )
  • Evaluated by other scientists who are in the same
    field or who are conducting similar research.

70
Think Pair - Share
  • How can we prove something true?

71
Uses Metric System
  • Scientists can repeat the work of others as part
    of a new experiment.
  • The metric system uses units with divisions that
    are powers of ten.
  • Ex. SI- meters

72
Do NowWhat are some things around the room
that are alive? Or were alive at some point?
73
Do Now
  • How many
  • Centimeters are in a meter?
  • Meters are in a kilometer?
  • How long is a 5K?

74
Uses Metric System
  • Scientists can repeat the work of others as part
    of a new experiment.
  • The metric system uses units with divisions that
    are powers of ten.
  • Ex. SI- meters
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