The First Great War: The Western Front

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The First Great War The Western Front

• LIFE IN THE TRENCHES

Based on a WebQuest by Diana Lawrence
http//www.gfalls.wednet.edu/staff/dlawrenc/Wester
nFront2/webquest.htm
Created by Diana Lawrence December 2, 2005
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Table of contents

• Page 3 Essential Questions
• Page 4 Weapons and Warfare
• Page 5 Power and Authority
• Page 6 Changing Economics
• Page 7 Military Leaders
• Page 8 Military Leaders
• Page 9 Military Leaders
• Page 10 Military Leaders
• Page 11 Military Leaders
• Page 12 In Flanders Field
• Page 13 Bibliography

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Essential Question

• How did World War I affect the development of
  history and the people who lived through and
  after it through these aspects

• Development and innovations in technology
• Changes in Power and Authority in the world scope
• Human ability to adapt to changing economics

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Science Technology in War
Chemical Warfare
Trench Warfare
Tanks
Machine Guns
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Mortar Fire
Airplanes
Flame Thrower
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Power and Authority

• Allied Powers

Central Powers
Austria-Hungary Germany
England France Russia United States
Franz Karl I
Kaiser Josef
Wilhelm II
Lloyd Georges Tsar
Woodrow George Clemenceau Nicholas II
Wilson
Dual Monarchy
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Changing Economics

• 1. Women and children go to work in factories and
  on farms.
• 2. The United States emerged from the war as a
  net creditor rather than a debtor country.
• 3. Tax rates had to remain higher than before the
  war to pay for higher expenditures due mainly to
  interest on the national debt and veterans
  benefits.

4. Factories began producing products such as
automobiles. 5. Jobs open for returning soldiers.
6. The glut of labor also caused wages to fall
dramatically
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Military leaders

• Allied Powers

In 1917 Pershing was appointed Commander-in-Chief
of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe.
His belief that his fit, fresh troops could break
the deadlock on the Western Front had to be
revised in the first-half of 1918. General
Pershing deployed US troops to help the French
defend the Western Front during the Aisne
Offensive in May and at the Marne in June.
John J. Pershing Commander in Chief of American
Forces
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Military leaders

• Allied Powers

Sir Douglas Haig led his forces into battle at
Verdun and Somme. In 1918 he led the Allies to a
victory at the Western Front
Sir Douglas Haig Commander-in-Chief of the
British Expeditionary Force
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Military leaders

• Allied Powers

At the outbreak of World War I Joffre took
command of the French Army. Blamed for losses at
the Western Front and Verdun he was replaced by
Robert Nivelle in 1916.
Joseph Joffre Commander-in-Chief of French Forces
Robert Nivelle Commander-in-Chief of French Forces
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Military leaders

• Allied Powers

Grand Duke Nikolai, the second cousin of Tsar
Nicholas II was born in 1856. On the outbreak of
the First World War Nikolai was appointed
Commander in Chief of the Russian Army His
deputy, Yuri Danilov, was mainly responsible for
decision making.
Grade Duke Nikolai Commander-in-Chief of the
Russian Army
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Military leaders

• Allied Powers

Prior to his appointment as battlefleet commander
in 1914 Abruzzis naval career led him to conduct
scientific and geographic expeditions. Abruzzi
was highly regarded in naval figures as the ideal
battlefleet Commander-in-Chief.
Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta Italys Battlefleet
Commander
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Flanders Field
In Flanders Fields the poppies blowBetween the
crosses, row on row,That mark our place and in
the skyThe larks, still bravely singing,
flyScarce heard amid the guns below. We are the
Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw
sunset glow,Loved, and were loved, and now we
lieIn Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with
the foeTo you from failing hands we throwThe
torch, be yours to hold it high.If ye break
faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though
poppies growIn Flanders fields
The poem "In Flanders Fields" by the Canadian
army physician John McCrae remains to this day
one of the most memorable war poems ever written.
It is a lasting legacy of the terrible battle in
the Ypres salient in the spring of 1915.
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Bibliography
Internet Resources http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.
co.uk http//www.eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Rocko
ff.wwi http//encarta.msn.com http//www.firstworl
dwar.com http//techcenter.davidson.k12.nc.us http
//www.vac-acc/gc.ca http//www.hist.unt.edu http
//historychannel.com
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