Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry
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Carbon and bonding

• How many valence electrons does carbon have?
• How many bonds does it need to make to become
  stable?
• Often forms covalent networks (sharing electrons
  to achieve stability)
• Individual molecules linked together to make long
  chains

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Allotropes

• Diamond
• Graphite
• Both solid forms of pure carbon very different
  properties due to arrangement of atoms

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Organic chemistry

• More than 6 million organic compounds have been
  identified and named
• Hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon

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Alkanes

• All single bonds
• Saturated hydrocarbons (carbons are holding the
  maximum number of hydrogen atoms they can hold)

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Alkanes
CnH2n2

• Methane CH4
• Ethane C2H6
• Propane C3H8
• Butane C4H10
• Pentane C5H12
• Hexane C6H14
• Heptane C7H16
• Octane C8H18
• Nonane C9H20
• Decane C10H22

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• Alkenes
• One double bond
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons (carbons are NOT holding
  the maximum number of hydrogen atoms they can
  hold)

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Alkenes
CnH2n

• Ethene C2H4
• Propene C3H6
• Butene C4H8
• Pentene C5H10
• Hexene C6H12
• Heptene C7H14
• Octene C8H16
• Nonene C9H18
• Decene C10H20

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• Alkynes
• One triple bond
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons

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Alkynes
CnH2n-2

• Ethyne C2H2
• Propyne C3H4
• Butyne C4H6
• Pentyne C5H8
• Hexyne C6H10
• Heptyne C7H12
• Octyne C8H14
• Nonyne C9H16
• Decyne C10H18

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Isomers

• Same formula
• Different structure
• Different molecule with different properties
  must have a different name!