Macronutrients

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Macronutrients

• Introduction to Proteins

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Protein Models

• Describe, in general, what you were doing from
  step to step.
• What type of bond forms between amino acid,
  forming proteins?
• What two elements are these bonds between?

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1A B. Are proteins a macronutrient?

• Yes, they provide 4 kcals/g and you need them in
  significant amounts.

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2. Identify the monomers of proteins.

• The monomers (building blocks) of proteins are
  AMINO ACIDS.
• Monomer amino acid
• Polymer protein

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3A B Amino acids proteins always contain C,
H, O, and NThey are organic! Carbon Hydrogen
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COMMON AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
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4a. What special kind of bonds hold proteins
together?

• Peptide bonds

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4B. DESCRIBE A PEPTIDE BOND

• A peptide bond is formed between nitrogen of one
  amino acid and the carbon of the next.
• More specifically, the nitrogen of the AMINO
  group (NH2) and the carbon on the acid/CARBOXYL
  group (COOH)

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5a. What is the difference between essential and
nonessential when describing the monomers of
proteins?

• Nonessential Your body can produce these amino
  acids by itself. It is NOT ESSENTIAL that a
  person takes them in through their diet.
• Essential Your body can NOT produce these by
  itself. It IS ESSENTIAL that a person take them
  in through their diet.

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5b. What is the number of amino acids the human
body can produce?

• The human body can produce 11 of the 20 standard
  amino acids.
• That means 11 are NONESSENTIAL and 9 are
  ESSENTIAL.

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6. Compare complete and incomplete proteins.

• Incomplete LACKS one or more of the ESSENTIAL
  amino acids.
• Most vegetable protein is considered incomplete
• Complete CONTAINS all nine of the essential
  amino acids.
• Protein from animal sources, such as meat and
  milk, is called complete

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7A B. What is another name for proteins?

• Polypeptide
• Poly many and peptide peptide bonds)
• MANY PEPTIDES
• Peptide bonds are almost exclusive to proteins
• Not many other molecules in the body have peptide
  bonds

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8. List and explain 5 functions of proteins.

• Build, keep up, and replace the tissues in your
  body.
• Acts as hormones (sending messages around the
  body)
• Antibodies (immune system helps fight
  disease/infection)
• Hemoglobin (responsible for delivering oxygen to
  your blood cells)
• Signaling cells what to do and when to do it
• Transporting substances around the body through
  cell membranes
• ENZYMES!!!!

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9. What are some food sources of proteins?

• Eggs
• Milk
• Beef, poultry, pork and lamb
• Fish and shellfish
• Dairy products, including cottage cheese, cheese,
  yogurt and milk
• Dry beans, peas, oats and legumes
• Tofu and soy products
• Nuts and seeds

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Nutrition Sleuth

• http//wps.aw.com/bc_blake_nutrition_1/75/19279/49
  35628.cw/index.html