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Chapter 16 Acids and Bases

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Everything from swimming pools, soil conditions for plants, medical diagnosis, ... milk of magnesia 10.6. household ammonia 11.0. Calculating pH, pOH. pH = -log10 [H3O ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 16 Acids and Bases


1
Chapter 16Acids and Bases
  • Ionization of Water
  • The pH Scale
  • 7-4

2
Measuring pH
  • Why measure pH?
  • Everything from swimming pools, soil conditions
    for plants, medical diagnosis, soaps and
    shampoos, etc.
  • Sometimes we can use indicators, other times we
    might need a pH meter

3
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4
pH of Some Common Acids
  • gastric juice 1.0
  • lemon juice 2.3
  • vinegar 2.8
  • orange juice 3.5
  • coffee 5.0
  • milk 6.6

5
pH of Some Common Bases
  • blood 7.4
  • tears 7.4
  • seawater 8.4
  • milk of magnesia 10.6
  • household ammonia 11.0

6
Calculating pH, pOH
pH -log10 H3O
pOH -log10 OH-
Relationship between pH and pOH
pH pOH 14
Finding H3O, OH- from pH, pOH
H3O 10-pH
OH- 10-pOH
7
In pure water, H3O OH- 1 ? 10 7 Kw
1 ? 10 14
pH pOH 14
pH
pOH
pOH -logOH-
pH -logH
H
OH-
HOH- 1.0 ? 10-14
8
pH pOH 14
9
Ionization of Water
  • Occasionally, in water, a H is transferred
    between H2O molecules
  • . . . . . .
    . .
  • HO OH HOH OH-
  • . . . . . .
    . .
  • H H H
  • water molecules hydronium hydroxide
    ion ()
    ion (-)

10
Pure Water is Neutral
  • Pure water contains small, but equal amounts of
    ions H3O and OH-
  • H2O H2O H3O OH-
  • hydronium hydroxide ion
    ion
  • 1 x 10-7 M 1 x 10-7 M

H3O
OH-
11
Ion Product of Water Kw
  • Molar concentration
  • Kw H3O OH-
  • 1 x 10-7 1 x 10-7
  • 1 x 10-14

12
Acids
  • Increase H
  • HCl (g) H2O (l) H3O (aq) Cl- (aq)
  • More H3O than water gt 1 x 10-7M
  • As H3O increases, OH- decreases
  • H3O gt OH-

13
Bases
  • Increase the hydroxide ions (OH-)
  • H2O
  • NaOH (s) Na(aq) OH- (aq)
  • More OH- than water, OH- gt 1 x 10-7M
  • When OH- increases, H3O decreases
  • OH? gt H3O

14
Using Kw
  • The OH- of a solution is 1.0 x 10- 3 M. What
    is the H3O?
  • Kw H3O OH- 1.0 x 10-14
  • H3O 1.0 x 10-14
  • OH-
  • H3O 1.0 x 10-14 1.0 x
    10-11 M
  • 1.0 x 10- 3

15
Learning Check pH
  • The H3O of lemon juice is 3.0 x 10-3 M. What
    is the OH- of the solution?
  • Kw H3O OH- 1.0 x 10-14
  • OH- 1.0 x 10-14
  • H3O
  • OH- 1.0 x 10-14 3.3 x
    10-12 M
  • 3.0 x 10- 3

16
pH
  • The H3O of lemon juice is 9.0 x 10- 4 M.
    What is the OH-?
  • OH- 1.0 x 10 -14 1.1 x 10-11 M
  • 9.0 x 10 - 4

17
The H3O is 4.0 x 10- 5 M. What is the OH-?
  • 1.0 x 10 -14
  • 4.0 x 10-5
  • Enter 1.0 EE /- 14 ?? 4.0 EE /- 5
  • 2.5 x 10 -10

18
Solution pH
  • B.The H3O when OH- of 5 x 10-9 M
  • Kw H3O OH- 1.0 x 10 14
  • H3O 1.0 x 10 -14 2 x 10 - 6
  • 5 x 10- 9

19
pH
  • Indicates the acidity H3O of the solution
  • pH - log H3O
  • From the French pouvoir hydrogene
  • (hydrogen power or power of
  • hydrogen)

20
pH
  • In the expression for H3O
  • 1 x 10-exponent
  • the exponent pH
  • H3O 1 x 10-pH M

21
pH Range
  • 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    13 14
  • Neutral
  • HgtOH- H OH-
    OH-gtH

Acidic
Basic
22
pH
  • A. The H3O of tomato juice is 1 x 10-4 M.
  • What is the pH of the solution?
  • answer 4
  • pH - log 1 x 10-4 -(- 4) 4

23
pH
  • B. The OH- of an ammonia solution is
  • 1 x 10-3 M. What is the pH of the solution?
  • Answer 11
  • H3O 1 x 10-11
  • pH - log 1 x 10- 11 -(- 11) 11

24
Some H3O and pH
  • H3O pH
  • 1 x 10-5 M 5
  • 1 x 10-9 M 9
  • 1 x 10-11 M 11

25
Solution pH
  • The pH of a soap is 10. What is the H3O of
    the soap solution?
  • H3O 1 x 10-pH M
  • 1 x 10-10 M

26
pH on the Calculator
  • H3O is 4.5 x 10-6 M. What is the pH.
  • pH 4.5 x EXP(or EE) 6/- LOG /-
  • 5.35

27
Learning Check pH
  • A soap solution has a H3O 2 x 10-8 M. What
    is the pH of the solution?

28
pH
  • A soap solution has a H3O 2.0 x 10-8 M.
    What is the pH of the solution?
  • 2.0 EE 8 /- LOG /- 7.7

29
Learning Check
  • Identify each solution as
  • 1. acidic 2. basic 3. neutral
  • A. _____ HCl with a pH 1.5
  • B. _____ Pancreatic fluid H 1 x 10-8 M
  • C. _____ Sprite soft drink pH 3.0
  • D. _____ pH 7.0
  • E. _____ OH- 3 x 10-10 M
  • F. _____ H 5 x 10-12

1
2
1
3
1
2
30
What is the H3O or OH- in each of the
following solutions, also state if the solution
is neutral, acidic, or basic. a. 1 ? 10 -5 M OH-
b. 1 ? 10 -7 M OH- c. 10.0 M H
  • 1.0 x 10-9 M
  • 1.0 x 10-7 M
  • 1.0 x 10-15 M

31
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