THREE AGES OF

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THREE AGES OF DISCOVERY
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Zheng He had a Big Boat!
1st Age of Discovery China
1405
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Zheng He Voyages
1405 1435
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China beat Columbus to it, perhaps
Copy made in 1763, of a map, dated 1418
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Spices and the Age of Discovery
2nd Age of Discovery Europe

• God, Gold, and Glory
• AND
• Terror, Treachery, and Torture

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• Crusades
• 1st 1096 9th 1291

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Marco Polo (1260-1248)
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European Background

• Crusades and Marco Polo
• stir up European interest in the East
• Europeans think world is made up of three
  continents
• Europe
• Asia
• Africa

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The Silk Road
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The Goods that are Traded

• From China, India, and Spice Islands
• Silk
• Brocade
• Gauze materials
• Cotton
• Camelhair
• Ivory
• Porcelain
• Dyes
• Perfumes
• Medicines
• Pearls
• Precious stones
• SPICES

• From Europe
• Textiles
• crafts

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Silk Road Trade under Tamerlane Pax Mongol
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1405

• Death of Tamerlane closed land route to east,
• ends Pax Mongol

1453

• Fall of Byzantium to Ottoman Turks lowers Iron
  Curtain

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Trade after the end of Pax Mongol Ottomans
Blockade

• Trade is intermittent, often blocked by Arabs
  collecting bribes
• Trade is subject to thieves
• Some trade from India via Indian Ocean
• Goods become much more expensive as costs rise.

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The Rise of Venice

• Venice had helped Byzantine Empire in their fight
  against the Normans during the Crusades
• Were given the right to trade in all parts of the
  empire without paying duties
• Ottomans gave Venice same trade privileges

Venice had East West trade Monopoly
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Venetian Trade Monopoly
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4.00
3.00
.50
Worth their Weight in Gold!
Pepper
Cloves
Cinnamon
1.00
5.00
Nutmeg
Mace
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Breaking the Venetian Trade Monopoly

• Would bring huge profits to the successful
  country
• The first country to try was

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1415

• Portuguese conquer Ceuta
• Benefits of finding water route to east increase
• new technology has lowered costs of sailing

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Queen Phillipa the driver
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Prince Henry the Mastermind
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Gil Eannes the Greatest Explorer of all Time!
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1434

• South of Cape Bojador was Green Sea of Darkness
  Sea monsters, boiling seas
• Theology held that Jerusalem was center of world,
  finding worlds below Bojador would be heresy
• Prince Henry provides incentives to Gil Eannes by
  increasing benefits, You cannot find a peril so
  great that the hope of reward will not be
  greater.

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Portuguese pursue systematic frog leaps down
west coast of Africa

• 1434 - 1488

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King Joao II sends Pero da Covilha on land route
to check out India

• 1484

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Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape, but doesnt make it
to India
1488
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The Spaniards enter the race.
Isabella of Castille
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Iberia
IBERIA
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Columbus sails the ocean blue 1492
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Sailing the Western Ocean
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The Journey of Columbus
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Columbus who?????

• Based on mistaken knowledge
• 2600 miles
• 36 days
• Failed to achieve his goal

Now there's a Hero!!!
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Vasco da Gama
1499
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da Gamas Voyage
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da Gamas journey

• Mission directly challenges Arab monopoly on
  Indian Ocean trade
• Out of sight of land for three months
• Faced hostile Hindu rulers and Moslem traders
• three years, 5000 miles to Cape, 3 months to
  cross Indian Ocean
• 54 of 170 men survived
• Broke Venetian monopoly, reaped huge profits

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.80
.60
.50
Lower Costs, Competiition, Lower Prices
Pepper
Cloves
Cinnamon
.20
1.00
Nutmeg
Mace
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Portuguese gain control

• Why? Expected benefits outweigh costs
• How? Control trade routes
• Who? Afonso de Albuguerque, Francisco Serrao,
  Ferdinand Magellan

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Portuguese gain control

• When?
• 1507 Persian Gulf
• 1509 Destroy Muslim fleet
• 1511 Malacca
• 1512 Ternate and Tidor (3000 miles from Malacca)

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2.45
2.00
.33
Portuguese Monopoly
Pepper
Cloves
Cinnamon
3.28
15.00
Nutmeg
Mace
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Ferdinand Magellan

• Rebuked by King John II after faithful service
• Persuades Charles V of Spain
• Purpose - break Portuguese monopoly
• 260 men, 5 ships. 1 ship, 18 men survive
• Most dangerous journey of them all
• Stop in Ternate and Tidor makes trip financially
  successful

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Ferdinand Magellan
1519 - 1522
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Magellans Journey
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Economic Principles that guide the lesson

• Benefit/cost analysis
• People respond to incentives
• Voluntary exchange is a win-win proposition
• Supply and demand, prices
• The effects of Competition and Monopoly

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Three Ages of Discovery
THREE AGES OF DISCOVERY
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What is the new age of discovery and what can
your students learn from the two previous ages of
discovery?