Biology 1060 Chapter 20

1
Biology 1060Chapter 20

• DNA Technology and Genomics

2
Manipulating Genomes

• Define genetic engineering, recombinant DNA,
  biotechnology
• Define gene clone and plasmid
• Describe their usefulness
• Discuss the utility of restriction enzymes in
  vivo and in vitro

3
Eukaryotic Genes Cloning

• Describe the use of resistance to antibiotics and
  enzymes to hydrolyze specific substrates in gene
  cloning
• Describe the use of a nucleic acid probe and
  denaturation in nucleic acid hybridization
• Define genome library
• Describe its possibilities

4
Eukaryotic Gene Cloning continued

• Compare and contrast a genome library and cDNA
  library
• Describe the prolems of attempting to express
  eukaryotic genes in a prokaryote
• Describe how these problems have been overcome
• Describe the benefits and drawbacks of polymerase
  chain reaction

5
Restriction Fragments

• Describe the benefits of restriction fragment
  analyses
• Describe the processes of gel electrophoresis and
  Southern blotting
• Describe the information obtained from these
  techniques
• Describe restriction fragment length
  polymorphisms
• Describe their uses in finding genetic markers

6
Genome Mapping

• Describe the three techniques used to uncover an
  entire genome
• Discuss the significance of the most ambitious
  mapping project to date and other genome
  sequences

7
Genomics

• Describe the value of genomics
• Discuss the reasons the human genome has only 25
  to 50 of the previously estimated size
• Discuss two techniques used to determine a
  functional gene
• Scientific Inquiry p. 410

8
Genomics

• Describe how genomics help discover how genes
  interact to produce and maintain a functioning
  organism
• Describe the usefulness of genome comparisons to
  evolutionary studies
• Discuss proteomes and its value to humans

9
Applications

• Discuss the medical applications of DNA
  technology
• Discuss ethical issues associated with gene
  therapy
• Describe how DNA technology can be used by
  pharmaceutical scientists
• Discuss DNA fingerprinting as used in forensics

10
Agriculture and DNA Technology

• Describe the usefulness of transgenic animals
• Describe the usefulness of transgenic plants

11
Safety and Ethics

• Describe the safety concerns regarding genetic
  modifications to organisms
• Discuss ethical issues regarding genetic
  modifications
• Evolution Connection p. 410
• Science, Technology, and Society p. 410