Parts of Speech

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Parts of Speech
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Nouns

• A NOUN is a word that names a person, a place, a
  thing, or an idea.
• Person Zoolander
• Place The Center for Kids Who Want To Read Good
  and Do Other Stuff Good Too
• Thing book
• Idea Good intentions

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More on Nouns

• Nouns can be singular or plural, depending on
  whether they name one or more than one person,
  place, thing or idea.

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Possessive Nouns

• The possessive form of a noun can show possession
  or ownership.
• Add an apostrophe and s to form the possessive
  of any singular noun, even if it already ends in
  s.
• Use an apostrophe alone to form the possessive
  of a plural noun that ends in s.

Singular Possessive Bulldogs Students
Plural Possessive Bulldogs Students
There is the bulldogs mess on the carpet.
There are the bulldogs messes on the carpet.
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Compound Nouns

• A Compound Noun is a noun made of two or more
  words. Compound nouns may be open (with a space
  in between), hyphenated, or closed (with no space
  in between).

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Concrete Nouns

• A concrete noun names an object that occupies
  space or can be recognized by any of the
  senses.(sight, smell, hearing, taste, or touch).

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Abstract Nouns

• An Abstract noun names an idea, a quality, or a
  characteristic.
• Happiness
• Faith
• Honor

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Common Nouns

• A common noun is the general, not the particular,
  name of a person, place, thing or idea.

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Proper Nouns

• A proper noun is the name of a particular person,
  place, thing, or idea.

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Collective Nouns

• A collective noun is singular in form but it
  names a group.

• a collective noun can be found as singular and
  as plural. A way to detect whether it is singular
  or plural is to look at the main verb in the
  sentence.

The jury is ready with its verdict. (singular
noun, singular verb) The jury are comparing their
interpretations of the evidence. (plural noun,
plural verb)
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Pronouns

• A pronoun is a word that takes place of a noun, a
  group of words acting as a noun (like a compound
  noun), or another pronoun.
• The word or group of words to which a pronoun
  refers is called its antecedent.
• Although Kevin James marries Adam Sandler in the
  hit comedy Chuck and Larry, he is actually a
  heterosexual in real life.

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Personal Pronouns
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Possessive Pronouns

• A possessive pronoun takes the place of the
  possessive form of a noun.
• No possessive pronoun uses an apostrophe.

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Its vs. Its

• The retriever is chasing its tail.
• Its a shame we dont have room for two dogs.

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Reflexive Pronouns

• A reflexive pronoun refers, or reflects back, to
  the subject of the sentence, indicating that the
  same person or thing is involved. A reflexive
  pronoun always adds information to a sentence.
• After working out, Jim likes to take a good long
  look at himself in the mirror.
• We have no one to help us , so we need to rely on
  ourselves.

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Intensive Pronouns

• An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to another
  noun or pronoun in the same sentence.
• He himself saved the day.
• You need to sign your pro basketball contract
  yourself.
• Joaquin, Russell, and Tom designed the set
  themselves.

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Demonstrative Pronouns

• A demonstrative pronoun indicates specific
  persons, places, things or ideas.
• This is my idea.
• That is your orangutan.
• These are your dirty socks.
• My tie is much nicer than those.

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Interrogative Pronouns

• An interrogative pronoun is used to form
  questions.
• Who is biting my leg?
• Whose horribly ugly plaid coat is this?
• Whom would you like to bring to the dance?

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Relative Pronouns

• A relative pronoun is used to begin a special
  subject-verb called a subordinate clause.
• The freshman who came in last during the freshman
  run vomited over there.

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Relative Pronouns cont.
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Indefinite Pronouns

• An indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places,
  things, or ideas in a more general way than a
  noun does.
• Everybody needs to be loved.
• Did you get enough playing time?
• After two bowls of chili, I knew I did not want
  anymore because my stomach was making ominous
  noises.

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Verbs

• A verb is a word that expresses action or a state
  of being and is necessary to make a statement.
• Present tense The girl is hot.
• Past tense The fan screamed joyously when the
  Devils beat the Rangers in overtime.
• Future tense The supermodel will smile.

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Action Verbs

• An action verb tells what someone or something
  does.
• Physical action Spaulding elbowed his way to the
  front of the line.
• Mental action Wilson hoped he could get the job.

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Transitive verbs

• A transitive verb is followed by a direct object,
  which is a word or words that answer the question
  what? or whom?
• The center shot the puck powerfully.

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Intransitive Verbs

• An intransitive verb is not followed by a direct
  object.
• The defensemen hip-checked powerfully.
  (intransitive verb).
• The center shot the puck powerfully. (transitive
  verb).

adverb
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Linking Verbs

• A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of a
  sentence (often a noun or pronoun) with a noun, a
  pronoun, or an adjective that describes or
  identifies the subject. A linking verb does not
  show action.
• The verb be, in all its forms - am, is, are, was,
  were - is the most commonly used linking verb.
• You were the person behind the mask.
• The players are ready.

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Linking Verbs cont.

• Other verbs that can be linking verbs
• This chocolate covered ant tastes amazing.
• You look awkward in that neon green shirt.

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Verb Phrases

• The verb in a sentence may consist of more than
  one word. The words that accompany the main verb
  are called auxiliary, or helping verbs.
• A verb phrase consists of a main verb and all its
  auxiliary verbs.

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Verb Phrases

• Auxiliary Verbs

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Auxiliary Verbs

• We will win the Xbox Live Call of Duty
  tournament.
• I have already beaten the game.
• We were playing the game, when my brother turned
  the console off.

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Adjectives

• An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a
  pronoun by limiting its meaning.
• An adjective tells what kind, which one, how
  many, or how much.

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All Kinds of Adjectives

• My motorcycle (possessive adj)
• Those tattoos (demonstrative adj)
• Joe-Joes Xbox (possessive noun acting as an adj)
• Leather jacket (noun acting as an adj)

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Adjectives in many places

• How awesome this burrito is!
• Everyone eats that awesome burrito.
• The burrito is awesome.
• Everyone considered the burrito to be awesome.
• The burrito, eternally awesome, was eaten
  quickly.

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Other forms of Adjectives

• Many adjectives have different forms to indicate
  their degree of comparison.
• Positive form indicates no comparison.
• Comparative form compares two nouns or pronouns.
• Superlative form compares more than two nouns or
  pronouns.

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Articles

• Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the.
• Indefinite articles can refer to any kind of
  noun. A is used before consonant sounds an is
  used before vowel sounds.
• Definite articles refer to a specific noun by
  using the word the.

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Proper Adjectives

• A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun.
  It begins with a capital letter.
• New York City is an American city.
• We went to the Bronx Zoo.
• Suffixes can be added to form proper adjectives
  -n, -ian, -an, -ese, -ic, and
• -ish.

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Proper Adjectives

• Suffixes can be added to form proper adjectives
  -n, -ian, -an, -ese, -ic, -ist and -ish.

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Adverbs

• An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an
  adjective, or another adverb by making its
  meaning more specific.
• Adverbs modifying verbs
• I Never swim alone.
• Adverbs modifying adjectives
• Saw IV was too scary and too long.
• Adverbs modifying adverbs
• The defenseman almost always takes bad penalties
  quite often.

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Adverbs

• Adverbs modify by answering these questions
  When? Where? How? To what degree?
• When? He changed his appointment today.
• Where? He drove south.
• How? I counted them carefully.
• To what degree? They were very sorry.

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Adverbs

• Modifying a verb When an adverb modifies a verb
  or a verb phrase, it may sometimes be placed in
  various positions relative to the verb or verb
  phrase.
• Now the room is ready.
• The room now is ready.
• The room is now ready.
• The room is ready now.

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Adverbs

• When an adverb modifies an adjective or another
  adverb, it usually comes directly before the
  modified word.
• Modifying an adjective
• You are terribly mean.
• Modifying an adverb
• It almost never rains this hard.

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Negative Adverbs

• The word not and the contractions that end in nt
  (like dont and wont) are adverbs.
• The runner has not finished.
• Fortunato is nowhere to be seen.
• I have never sneezed milk from my nose.
• She told me, Dont go in there!
• Dave doesnt like to be told what to do.

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More Practice

• The sound he made as he slept was barely
  noticeable.
• Rachel ran out of the burning building quickly.
• Everyone I know thought the movie was terribly
  boring and almost too long to bear.
• The lion tamers approached the escaped lioness
  very carefully.
• Fearfully, she turned to see if anyone was behind
  her.

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Adverbs that Compare

• Like adjectives, some adverbs indicate a degree
  of comparison.
• For most adverbs of one syllable, add er or est.

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Adverbs that Compare

• Most adverbs that end in ly or have more than
  one syllable use the word more to form the
  comparative and most to form the superlative.

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Adverbs that Compare

• Here are some adverbs that form the comparative
  and superlative irregularly.

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Well vs. Good

• Well is an adverb, which means it does what?
• How did you play?
• How do you feel?
• I did pretty well on the test.
• Good is an adjective, which means it does what?
• How was your weekend?
• Good Dog!
• The movie was good.

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Prepositions

• A preposition is a word that shows the
  relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another
  word in the sentence.
• A prepositional phrase is a group of words that
  begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or
  a pronoun, which is called the object of the
  preposition.
• The baseball cards in the case are expensive.
• Here is a bucket for your vomit.

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Commonly used Preps
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Compound Preposition

• A compound preposition is a preposition that is
  made up of more than one word.

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Preposition or Adverb?

• Some words can either be prepositions or adverbs.
• A prep will have a noun or pronoun as its object.
• An adverb will not have an object.
• I left your autographed picture of Marty Brodeur
  outside the back door.
• I left the picture outside.

prep
Direct Object
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Coordinating Conjunctions

• A coordinating conjunction joins words or groups
  of words that have equal grammatical weight in a
  sentence.
• Starsky and Hutch are best friends.
• Montresor is clever but deranged.

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Coordinating Conjunctions

• Lets ambush them from behind the old car or from
  behind the stack of tires.
• Two prepositional phrases
• I wanted a new video game, so I bought one.
• Two complete thoughts

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Correlative Conjunctions

• Correlative Conjunctions work in pairs to join
  words and groups of words of equal grammatical
  weight in a sentence.

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Correlative vs. Coordinating Conjunctions This
time its personal
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Subordinating Conjunctions

• A subordinating conjunction joins two clauses, or
  thoughts, in such a way as to make one
  grammatically dependent on the other.
• The thought, or clause, that a subordinating
  conjunction introduces is said to be
  subordinate, or dependent, because it cannot
  stand by itself as a complete sentence.

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Subordinating Conjunctions

• We can play hockey on the pond when the ice is
  thicker.
• We cant play hockey until the ice is thicker.

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Common Subordinating Conjunctions
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THE END! WOO HOO!
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Items to Review

• Nouns
• Possessive Nouns
• Proper Nouns
• Concrete Nouns
• Abstract Nouns
• Common Nouns

• Pronouns
• Personal Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Its versus its
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Intensive Pronouns
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Interrogative Pronouns
• Relative Pronouns
• Indefinite Pronouns

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Items to Review

• Verbs
• Transitive versus Intransitive Verbs
• Verb Phrases
• Auxiliary Verbs

• Adjectives
• Positive
• Comparative
• Superlative
• Articles
• Proper Adjectives

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Items to Review

• Adverbs
• Negative Adverbs
• Adverbs that Compare

• Prepositions
• Compound Prepositions
• Preps versus Adverbs
• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Correlative Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions