The Effectiveness of Industrial Air Pollution Control Policy

1
The Effectiveness ofIndustrial Air Pollution
Control Policy

• A Comparative Study of Jakarta, Indonesia
• and New South Wales, Australia

Cecep Aminudin Indonesian Center for
Environmental Law Program Study of
Environmental Science, University of Indonesia
University of Indonesia
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Background

• Air quality is very important for human, animal
  and plant life
• Air pollution from various sources (including
  industry) is an acute problem in the world
• Governments issued policy to solve the problem
• However, the research about the effectiveness of
  the air pollution control policy is still rare

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Research Objectives

• To know the effectiveness of industrial air
  pollution control policy in Jakarta, Indonesia
• To know the effectiveness of industrial air
  pollution control policy in New South Wales,
  Australia
• To compare the effectiveness of industrial air
  pollution control policy in Jakarta, Indonesia
  and New South Wales, Australia

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The Framework of Industrial Air Pollution Control
Policy in Jakarta, Indonesia
Indonesia 1945 Constitution
Law Number 23/1997 on Environmental Management Act
Government Regulation 41/1999 on Air Pollution
Control
MoE Decrees on Emission Standard
PROPER Program
National
Blue Sky Program
Local Regulation 2/2005 on Air Pollution Control
Governor Decree on Ambient Air Standard
Local (Jakarta)
Governor Decree on Emission Standard
Clean Air Program
Air Emission License
Air Pollution Emitters Industry
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The Framework of Industrial Air Pollution Control
Policy in NSW, Australia
Australian Constitution and Legal System, Common
Law
IGAE
NEPMs
NPI
National Ambient Air Quality
Federal
States (NSW)
Protection of the Environment Operation Act 1997
(POEO)
Protection of the Environment Operation (Clean
Air) Regulation
NSW AQMP (Action for Air)
NOx Policy
Load Based Licensing
Implement Clean Air Regulation
Cleaner Production Unit in EPA
Implement POEO Act
Leak detection repair
Pollution reduction program
Air Pollution Emitters Industry
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The Comparison of Policy Instruments in Jakarta
and NSW
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Measuring Effectiveness
Industry behaviors to the regulation
Emission load and concentration from
industrial sources
Air Quality in Industrial Area

• Administrative Law Enforcement
• Private Law Enforcement
• Criminal Law Enforcement
• Market Based Instruments
• Publication and Information Instruments
• Voluntary Instruments
• Public Expenditure Instruments

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Research and Analysis Method
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The conditions of the policy outputs
Administrative Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Voluntary
Private Enforcement
Information Publication
Economic Instrument
Public Expenditure
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The Conditions of the Policy Intermediate Outcomes
Jakarta Reactive phase. The behavior of
industry to comply with environmental regulation
are low. Non compliance to emission standard
between 17 76 , non compliance on reporting
obligation is about 30 , the installation of air
pollution equipment 0 out of 10 in
2004. NSW Constructive to Proactive Phase.
Non-compliance rate of industry is relatively low
(12 15 ). the installation of air pollution
equipment 17 out of 17 in 2000.
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The Conditions of Policy End Outcomes
Nitrogen Oxide
Jakarta
NSW
Hydrocarbon
Particulate
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
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Conclusion

• 1. In general, the industrial air pollution
  control policy in Jakarta is not yet effective.
  Where the end policy outcomes, the intermediate
  policy outcomes are low and policy output is
  weak.
• In general, the industrial air policy control
  policy in NSW is potential to be effective. Where
  the end policy outcomes and the intermediate
  policy outcomes are better than in Jakarta and
  the policy outputs is stronger than in Jakarta.
• The industrial air pollution control policy in
  NSW is more effective than in Jakarta.

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Why There is a gap ?
Lack of institutional capacity, strategy,
political priority, and enforcement culture in
Indonesia.
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Recommendations
Central Government
Donors
Law Enforcers
Local Government
Financial Institutions
Industries
NGOs Civil Society
Markets
A concerted efforts of stakeholders .
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Thank you.....
INDONESIAN CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW JL. Dempo
II No. 21, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, 12120.
INDONESIA email aminudin98_at_yahoo.com