Mislav Kukoc

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Mislav Kukoc

• Liberal Democracy vs.
• Neo-liberal Globalization

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Spajic-Vrka, V., Kukoc, M. i Baic, S.
Interdisciplinary Dictionary Education for Human
Rights and Democracy

• Globalization is a complex and controversial
  process of building of the world as a whole by
  creation of global institutional structures ()
  and global cultural forms, i.e. the forms that
  have been produced or transformed by global
  available objects. It is declared as a) free
  market-economic unification of the world with
  uniform patterns of production and consumption
  b) democratic integration of the world based on
  common interests of mankind such as equity, human
  rights protection, rule of law, pluralism, peace
  and security c) moral integration of the World
  concerning some central humanistic values,
  important for sustainable development of
  humanity. Spajic-Vrka, V., Kukoc, M. i Baic,
  S. (2001) Obrazovanje za ljudska prava i
  demokraciju interdisciplinarni rjecnik, Zagreb
  Hrvatsko povjerenstvo za UNESCO.
  (Interdisciplinary Dictionary Education for
  Human Rights and Democracy 178-179)

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Wikipedia

• Globalization refers to the worldwide phenomenon
  of technological, economic, political and
  cultural exchanges, brought about by modern
  communication, transportation and legal
  infrastructure as well as the political choice to
  consciously open cross-border links in
  international trade and finance. It is a term
  used to describe how human beings are becoming
  more intertwined with each other around the world
  economically, politically, and culturally.
  http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization

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The International Monetary Fund

• Globalization is the growing economic
  interdependence of countries worldwide through
  increasing volume and variety of cross-border
  transactions in goods and services, freer
  international capital flows, and more rapid and
  widespread diffusion of technology.

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The International Forum on Globalization

• Globalization the present worldwide drive
  toward a globalized economic system dominated by
  supranational corporate trade and banking
  institutions that are not accountable to
  democratic processes or national governments.

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J. A. Scholte, Globalization A Critical
Introduction, New York Palgrave, 2000

• Globalization
• internationalization
• liberalization
• universalization
• westernization or modernization
• deterritorialization or a spread of
  supraterritoriality

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Spajic-Vrka, V., Kukoc, M. i Baic, S.
Interdisciplinary Dictionary Education for Human
Rights and Democracy

• Globalism is a viewpoint, doctrine and/or
  ideology that promote the principle of
  interdependence and unity of the whole world, of
  all nations and states instead of a national and
  state particularism. Differentiating of similar
  notions of cosmopolitism that stresses the
  cultural identity of pre-national citizen of the
  world, and internationalism that promotes
  ideology of revolutionary brotherhood among the
  nations, idea of globalism is based on the
  post-national economic, informatical and
  intercultural planetary binding and
  interdependence. Behind the ideology of globalism
  can be hidden an intention of economic and
  cultural hegemony of the Western powers, as well
  as the proletarian or socialist internationalism
  had served as an ideological fig leaf for the
  Soviet i.e. Greater Russian hegemony over other
  nations from the Communist block.

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Neo-liberal globalization

• a dynamic whereby the social structures of
  modernity (capitalism, rationalism,
  industrialism, bureaucratism, etc) are spread the
  world over, destroying pre-existent cultural
  identity of the non-Western civilizations
• the most important instrument of continuation of
  Western domination over the other civilizations
  from the rest of the World
• hyper capitalism, an imperialism of McDonalds
  (or mcdonaldization),Hollywood and CNN,
  neo-colonialism.

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Neo-liberalism libertarianism

• Neoliberalism policy orthodoxy in respect of
  globalization unquestioned acceptance as
  commonsense
• Libertarianism an individualist philosophical,
  political and economic doctrine (Robert Nozick,
  David Friedman, N. Rothbard)
• market economy, private property, the ultimate
  individual sovereignty, the laissez-faire or
  minimal state
• vs. limitations on movements between countries of
  money, goods, services and capital
• the removal of state controls on prices, wages
  and foreign exchange rates
• reductions of welfare guarantees

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Liberal democracy of well-ordered society

• The modern free democratic society - the rule of
  law a government of laws and not of men
• F. v. Hayek,The Constitution of Liberty laws -
  Kantian test of universalizability the
  application of the Kantian categorical imperative
• American liberalism - the J. M. Keynes theory of
  the welfare state.
• State democratic action in all welfare areas
  pensions, unemployment insurance and medicine.
• Ronald Dworkin affirmative action programmes,
  in favour of the least advantaged groups are
  fully consonant with a general liberal philosophy
  that protects individual rights.

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John Rawls Political Liberalism 1 Theory of
Justice, 46

• Principles of justice as fairness in the
  well-ordered society, i.e. liberal-democratic
  society
• a) Each person has an equal claim to a fully
  adequate scheme of equal basic rights and
  liberties, which scheme is compatible with the
  same scheme for all
• b) social and economic inequalities are to
  satisfy two conditions first, they are to be
  attached to positions and offices open to all
  under conditions of fair equality of opportunity
  and second, they are to be the greatest benefit
  of the least advantaged members of society.
• Similar European ideas of social market
  economy
• Ludwig Erhard social liberalism of the
  Freiburg school ? Idea of regulated liberalism
  - the principle of freedom in the market with
  social equilibrium.

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Democracy and Globalization

• 1. Globalization ? Democratization
• 2. Liberal democracy ? sovereign nation-state
• 3. Globalization ? non-national /
  supra-territorial institutions with transborder
  relations.
• 4. Global democracy gtlt democratic state
• ?multilayered governance of local, regional and
  transworld bodies
• ?unofficial channels for global democracy
• global marketplace,
• global communications
• global civil society.

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Globalization and Democracy bright and dark
side.

• accelerated globalization (global mass media and
  suprastate governance agencies) have promoted
  democratisation all over the world (Central and
  Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, Latin America
• On the other hand, globalization
• has transcended territory and thwarted state
  sovereignty
• undermined the democratic capacities of national
  governments
• states cannot tame the tyranny of global
  corporations
• global financial markets have constrained the
  possibilities for democratization.
• The territorialist state-centric nature of
  traditional liberal democracy is inadequate in
  contemporary world with supraterritorial social
  relations

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Global democracy needs more than a democratic
state

• In principle the growth of multilayered
  governance of local, regional and transworld
  bodies could be hopeful development for democracy
  that generally emphasizes decentralization,
  checks on power, pluralism and participation.
• In practice, however, post-sovereign,
  decentralized governance induced by globalization
  has proved to be decidedly less democratic than
  national governance in a sovereign state.
• Not democratic progress, but rather democratic
  deficit
• non-competent, bribed, corrupted authorities on
  local or municipal level.
• Suprastate democracy of regional and transworld
  regimes EU and UN are more bureaucratic than
  democratic institutions.
• Globalization has opened space for democratic
  activity through unofficial channels (global
  marketplace, global communications, and global
  civil society)
• but its legitimating potentials are weak
  concerning democratic credentials, participation,
  transparency and public accountability

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Democratic control of globalization The global
governance?

• The Global Sustainable Development Resolution
  (Congresman B. Sanders, 1999) - democratic
  control over the global economy democracy at
  every level of government from the local to the
  global.
• J. A. Scholte vs. neo-liberalism and left
  radicalism, for ambitious democratic reform of
  globalization a supraterritorial Keynesianism,
  by enhancing
• human security global enviromental codes, arms
  control, economic restructuring, financial
  regulations, labour standards debt relief for
  poor countries, protection of cultural diversity
• social justice suprastate anti-monopoly,global
  taxation /Tobin tax/ abolition of offshore
  finance / tax havens/, North-South
  redistribution, Gender sensitivity, vs. race,
  urban/rural and age hierarchies
• democracy devolution to local government,
  popular consultations, representation of
  nonteritorial constituencies, transparency and
  control of suprastate governance, global civil
  society.

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Hans Küng Weltethos (A Global Ethic for Global
Politics and Economics)

• Globalization can and must be controlled
  globalization is not a natural phenomenon like
  an approaching weather front, in the face of
  which one is powerless.
• An uncontrolled world economy will finally lead
  to world chaos through global economic crisis.
• Neo-Keynesian reform of globalization better
  sooner, before the global crisis, than later,
  after the crisis.
• Democracy is to be understood ethically not on
  the basis of a social contract (à la Thomas
  Hobbes), but as a social contract (in Kants
  sense) grounded in a basic consensus on universal
  human rights and responsibilities.
• Conditio humana Primacy of politics over the
  economy the primacy of ethics over the economy
  and politics.

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Hans Lenk Perspectives and Dimension of
Globalization With Special Regard to IT,
Science and Economics, Interim World Philosophy
Congress, New Delhi, 2006.

• Globalization of liberal economics should be
  accompanied by a clear conceptual analysis and a
  normative (socio-political and moral) requirement
  of a globalization of responsibility in order to
  protect the global future of humankind and global
  commons, i.e. global public goods, and to avoid
  secondary social traps stemming in part from the
  ideology of globalization nowadays publicly
  utilized by corporations and neo-liberal market
  economists.

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Ingomar Hauchler Weltordnungspolitik Chanse
oder Utopie? Thesen an Steuerbarkeit globaler
Entwicklung

• Central tasks of global policy to prevent global
  chaos and crisis as a consequence of uncontrolled
  globalization
• The creation of an international competitive
  order.
• Link between the international flow of financing
  and the real economic goals of growth and
  employment.
• Social security as a protection against the
  growing structural discarding which the
  globalized economy has intensified.
• A balance between the drastic economic and social
  differences among the regions of the world.
• Internationalization of the mounting social and
  ecological costs which accrue from economic
  globalization.
• A legalized international order which puts a stop
  to the excessive consumption of non-renewable
  resources.

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Improvement of global democracy and rule of law

• Increase local government involvement in global
  policies
• establish mechanisms for the representation of
  nonterritorial constituencies
• establish efficient democratic elected suprastate
  government
• increase monitoring of suprastate governance by
  elected regional, state and substate bodies
• improve transparency of suprastate governance
• Who can realize a policy of global governance?