Strengths and Weakness of Public and Private Universities - A View from Japan -

1
Strengths and Weakness of Public and Private
Universities- A View from Japan -

• Kintomo Takakura, M.D., Ph.D.
• President
• Tokyo Womens Medical University

2
Population Japan

• 2003 127,619 thousand
• Male 62,304
• Female 65,315
• 2007 127,741 (Peak)

3
Number of Schools (2004)
(x 1000)
School Number Number of Students
Kindergarten (2-3Y) 14,061 1,753
Primary School (6) 23,420 7,200
Junior High School (3) 11,102 3,663
Senior High School (3) 5,429 3,919
University (4-6) 709 2,809
Collage (2-3) 508 233
Post-graduate School (2-4) (700) 244
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University Japan
Public 167
National 87
Local Government (City, Prefecture) 80
Private 542
Total 709
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Number of Students (2004)
(x 1000)
Male Female
Public National 624 411 212
Public Local Gov. 122 61 61
Private 2,062 1,235 826
Total 2,809 1,708 1,100
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Foreign Students
2004 1990
Univ. Under gr. (709) 117,302 41,347
Post gr. School (545) 29,514 12,249
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Post-graduate School (2004)Number of Students
Total 244,026 (m f 17371)
Cultural Science 20,782 (1011)
Social Science 36,526 (2512)
Natural Science 20,315 (16 4)
Technology 78,819 (71 8)
Agriculture 12,691 ( 6 4)
Health Science 34,119 (2113)
Education 13,271 (6968)
Art 4,584 (1828)
Others 21,913 (13 8)
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University

• Public
• National
• The Univ. of Tokyo
• Kyoto Univ. etc.
• Local Governmental
• Metropolitan Univ. of Tokyo
• Osaka City Univ. etc.
• Private
• Waseda Univ.
• Keio Univ.

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THE UNIV. OF TOKYO National

• Established in 1877
• Faculty 10
• Institute 16
• Students
• Undergraduate 15,074
• Graduate 13,185

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WASEDA UNIV. Private

• Established in 1882
• Faculty 10
• Students
• Undergraduate 45,334
• Graduate 7,273

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TOKYO WOMENS MEDICAL UNIVERSITY (TWMU) Private

• Established in 1900
• Faculty 2
• Students
• Medicine 600
• Nursing 360
• Post graduate 200

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TWMU

• Campus 2
• Hospital 5
• Doctors 1200
• Bed 2000
• Patients (Outpatients) 7000/day
• Annual Budget US 0.9 Bil

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Governmental Support for Univ. Management
(2003)

• Public (87) US 11.7 Bil.
• Private (542) US 3.1 Bil.

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Finance
The Univ. of Tokyo Waseda Univ.
No. of Students 15,074 45,149
Budget US 1.46 Bil. US 0.86 Bil.
Government 1.03 0.11
Tuition 0.15 0.55
Others 0.28 0.20
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Researchers (2004)
National Univ. 131,100
Local Gov. Univ. 22,000
Private Univ. 131,000
Total 284,000
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Research Budget
2003 Ratio/GDP
U.S.A. US 310 Billion 2.6
EU 210 1.99
JAPAN 168 3.35
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Research Budgetfor Science and Technology 2003
Research Total Univ. Industry
Basic 15.0 55.0 6.0
Applied 23.0 36.5 19.4
Developmental 62.0 8.5 74.7
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Strengths of Public University

1. More financial Support from the government
2. Low Tuition
3. Strong historical background

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Weakness of Public University

1. Strong control by government
2. No flexibility of finance
3. Less identity of University
4. Less free arrangement of researches with private
   industries or enterprises

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Strengths of Private University

1. Strong identity of university
2. Independent from governmental control
3. Strong alumni consciousness
4. Free arrangement of research works and education
   with industries or enterprises

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Weakness of Private University

1. Weak financial support from government
2. Higher tuition
3. Three times more students than public university
4. Broad variety of the quality of students

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Change of Organization (2004)

• National (Federal) University
• Independent University
• (Gradual Transformation)

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Conclusion

1. There are 167 public (87 national, and 80 local
   governmental) and 542 private universities in
   Japan.
2. Population of Japan is 127 million.
3. There are 624 thousand students in national, 122
   thousand in local governmental and 2,062 thousand
   in private universities.
4. There are 244,026 students in the postgraduate
   schools in universities.
5. Financial support from the Government in 2004 was
   11.7 billion US dollars to 87 national and 3.1
   billion to 542 private universities.

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Conclusion

1. Examples of national (the Univ. of Tokyo) and
   private universities (Waseda University and our
   Tokyo Womens Medical University) were
   introduced.
2. There were 284,000 researchers in 2003. The total
   budget of researches for science and technology
   in 2003 was 168 billion US dollars.
3. Government has decided to reform the system of
   national university to financially independent
   universities, similar to private universities in
   2004. And the financial support from the
   government will decrease gradually in the coming
   years.