Imperialism

1
Imperialism

• Response to the West

2
IndiaMughal Empire

• 1600sPortuguese control trade in Goa
• 1661British East India Co. controlled trade in
  Bombay
• 1691British establish port of Calcutta
• They were annoyed with Europeans, but viewed them
  as harmless

3
India

• Lured by tea, sugar, silk, salt and jute
• Mughal Empire weakens
• Hindus and Muslims are fighting
• British East India Company conquers?Ceylon (Sri
  Lanka) and into Pakistan and Afghanistan

4
IndiaSepoy Rebellion

• Relied on sepoys, Indians that worked for the
  British as soldiers
• Sepoys were alarmed at the hunger of the British
  and their disregard for Hindu/Muslim customs
• 1857they learned that their bullet cartridges
  were greased with pork and beef fat, so they
  rebelled
• They fought for 2 years, but failed

5
IndiaBritish Parliament

• 1858 British parliament took control of India
  from the East India Company
• Mughal rulers were sent into exile
• 1877Queen VictoriaEmpress of India
• Raw materials?GB?mfg goods?India
• Upper caste learned English, Christianity spread,
  and RRs and canals were built

6
ChinaQing/Manchu

• Focused on surrounding neighbors
• Didnt aspire to conquer the world
• Allowed Europeans to trade until they felt
  threatenedso expelled them
• Fierce protectors of the culture
• 1724Christianity banned, but allowed Europeans
  to trade at Canton
• Limited contact,but allowed
• Highly organized, confident civilization

7
ChinaOpium Wars

• 1773introduced opium
• 1838Manchu edict forbidding the sale or use of
  opium
• 1839Chinese seized British opium in Canton
• 1839-1842fought
• Treaty of Nanjingunequal treaty British was
  given rights to expand trade with China and right
  to create more opium addicts

8
ChinaOpium Wars

• 1843Hong Kong declared a crown possession
• 1844China forced to let Christian missionaries
  back in the country
• 1856 2nd Opium War for 4 years
• China defeat opened all of China up to European
  trade
• Britain did not want to establish a colony like
  in India BUT fought for trading concessions

9
ChinaInternal Rebellion

• White Lotus RebellionBuddhist mad at government
  taxes and corruption
• Taiping Rebellionnationalistic Chinese wanted to
  get rid of the Manchu Dynasty
• 1876Korea declares independence
• Sino-French War (1883)lose control of Vietnam
• 1895handed Taiwan over to Japan
• Spheres of Influence are created by Europeans
• USs Open Door Policysupports Chinas sovereignty
  but declares equal trading policy

10
ChinaBoxer Rebellion

• Anti-Manchu, anti-European, and
  anti-Christianthe Society of Righteous and
  Harmonious Fists or Boxers
• They used guerilla warfare tactics and
  slaughtered Christian missionaries and seized
  foreign embassies
• Not successful BUT furthered the hurt of
  China?Boxer Protocolhad to pay for any costs
  associated with the rebellion

11
China

• Chinese culture begins to crumble
• 1901foot binding abolished
• 19052000 yr old Examination System eliminated
• 1911imperial rule ends
• Sun Yat-sen establishes a republic

12
Ottoman Empire

• 1700s armies had fallen behind in technology and
  strength
• Fought with Russians for Balkans and Black Sea
• Central government was less effective
• Provinces becoming independent relying on private
  armies

13
Ottoman Empire

• Muhammad Ali seized power after Napoleon of Egypt
• Built a powerful army sponsored
  industrialization of cotton textiles and
  armaments
• He transformed Egypt into a crucially strategic
  location and link, because of the Suez Canal

14
Ottoman Empire

• Decrease trade and losing territory, because
  Europe could trade directly with China
• Became reliant on foreign loans and gave European
  capitulations

15
Ottoman Empire

• Mahmud II tried to reform
• Army
• Secondary education
• Roads, telegraph, and postal service
• Tanzimat Era
• French legal system as a guide for laws
• Public trials and equality above sharia

16
Ottoman Empire

• Opposition to Reforms
• religious conservatives and the Ottoman
  bureaucracy
• Young Turksexiled pushed for universal suffrage,
  equality before the law, and emancipation of
  women
• 1908coup overthrew sultan and set up a puppet
  government

17
Ottoman Empire

• Attempted change, but remained weak and
  vulnerable
• GB France actually try to keep it a float
  worried that Russia would gobble it up
• GB will gain control of Egypt in 1883

18
Japan

• 1542Portuguese established trade Christian
  missionaries followed
• Jesuits controlled the port of Nagasakitrade
  flourished?Westernization

19
JapanTokugawa ShogunateEdo Period

• 1600strict and rigid government
• Confucian inspired caste system
• Christians were persecuted
• 1635National Seclusion Policy
• Japanese culture thrived w/o foreign influence
  (kabuki and haiku)
• Reacted the strongest c/c China India
• Highly organized, confident civilization

20
Japan Imperialism

• 1853Commodore Matthew Perry from the US arrived
  on a steamboat and shocked the Japanese
• They realized their isolation didnt allow them
  to compete economically and militarily with the
  industrialized world
• 1854Treaty of KanagwaWest won trade

21
JapanMeiji Restoration

• Japanese organized and overthrew the shogun that
  ratified the treaties and restored the Emperor
  Meiji to power
• Japanese Westernizationemerged as a world power
• 1870built railroads and steamships
• 1876samurai warrior class abolished and
  universal military service required
• Reduced European and US influence and traded on
  equal footing

22
JapanMeiji Restoration

• 1895defeated China for Korea and Taiwan
• 1904Russo-Japanese War kicked Russians out of
  Manchuria and established their own sphere of
  influence
• C/C IR with EuropeJapans was on fast forward
  b/c they didnt have to invent everything
  theirselves

23
Africa

• Fragmentedno centralized power
• Overwhelmed by European technology
• EgyptSuez Canal
• South AfricaBoers (Dutch) the Zulus
• Berlin Conference1884
• C/C with LA boundary lines were determined with
  European agreements away for the scene and ruled
  similarly

24
US Foreign Policy

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)declared Western
  Hemisphere off limits to Europe
• US had invested in LA businesses
• 1904Europeans sent warships to Venezuela
  demanding repayment of debts?Roosevelt
  CorollaryUS will intervene in financial disputes
  between Europe and countries in the Americas
• Panama Canalfinished in 1914
• Spanish-American War 1898 kicked Spain out of
  Cuba, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico

25
Ethnocentrism in Europe

• Not a new ideaChinese center of the universe
• Europeans ability to act on those attitudes made
  them dangerously unique
• Armed with technologically advanced militaries
  and strong economic motives, the Europeans were
  quite capable of subjugating.
• Their success reinforced the attitudes leading to
  more colonization.