Title: Imperialism
1Imperialism
2Unit 6 Key Terms
- imperialism
- nationalism
- direct rule
- indirect rule
- protectorate
- sphere of influence
- Social Darwinism
- White Mans Burden
- Berlin Conference
- Great Game
- Zulu War
- Boer War
- jewel of the crown
- Sepoy Rebellion
- Raj
- Opium War
- Taiping Rebellion
- Open Door Policy
- Boxer Rebellion
3Key Terms
- indirect rule European colonial policy in which
the traditional or local governments in the
colonies are allowed to govern themselves but
only with the blessings of the mother country
typically there were no government agents (i.e.
viceroys, royal governors) from the mother
country - Social Darwinism belief that it was natural for
stronger cultures to overtake weaker ones
survival of the fittest - Great Game name given to the conflict/rivalry
between Great Britain and Russia over control of
Central Asia, particularly Afghanistan
4Imperialism in 1914
5Driving Forces Behind Imperialism
- Industrialization
- primary cause of imperialism
- industrialized nations needed raw materials from
less developed countries - new territories meant more trade and more profit
- Political and Social Forces
- competition for colonies was driven by
nationalism - imperialism was justified by Social Darwinism
- The White Mans Burden
6The White Mans Burden
- poem by Rudyard Kipling published in 1899
- example of Social Darwinism
- implied that it was the duty of Europeans (all
white people) to civilize people of other nations
or cultures by introducing Christianity and
Western culture
7The White Mans Burden
8Methods of Imperialism
- countries governed their colonies in different
ways - direct rule
- indirect rule
- protectorate
- sphere of influence
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10Imperialism in Africa
- early exploration of Africa was difficult because
of disease and geographic barriers - the discovery of missionary David Livingstone by
news reporter Henry Stanley sparked European
interest in the continent - under King Leopold II, Belgium gained control of
the Congo and brutally exploited local rubber
plantations - other nations soon followed Belgium by claiming
sections of Africa
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12Imperialism in Africa
- the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 set the rules
for the division of Africa - meeting of 14 nations (no African nations)
- divided the continent with no regard to ethnic or
language boundaries - by 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained
independent of European control
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15Imperialism in Asia
- Europeans wanted several things from Asia
- land to grow cash crops like tea or cotton
- raw materials like tin, rubber, and oil
- trading posts (many established by the British
East India Company) - British holdings
- India
- Singapore
- Malay Peninsula
- Afghanistan
16The British Empire
17Imperialism in China
18Different Reactions to Imperialism
- Africa
- British, Dutch (Boers or Afrikaners), and
Africans (Zulus) all wanted South Africa - British defeated the Zulus in the Zulu War in
1879 - Boer War (1899-1902) between British and Boers
began as gold was found in the region - India
- known as the jewel in the crown the most
prized British territory - supplied raw materials and potential markets to
sell finished products
19Different Reactions to Imperialism
- India (continued)
- British expansion suppressed (put down) local
culture - in 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion began after rumors
that gun cartridges were greased with pig and cow
fat (this was extremely offensive to Hindus and
Muslims) - British took direct rule of India (a period known
as the Raj) after the rebellion - China
- China wanted to remain isolated
- British attempts to trade with China resulted in
the Opium War
20Different Reactions to Imperialism
- China (continued)
- at the same time of the Opium War, the Taiping
Rebellion was going on in China people wanted
to establish a kingdom with no poverty - foreign countries took advantage of internal
struggles in China led to the Open Door Policy - Boxer Rebellion was a reaction to Open Door
Policy and foreign intervention in China
Chinese Boxers killed Chinese Christians and
foreigners until the rebellion was put down
21Imperialism Statistics
Great Britain France Belgium Netherlands Germany (1914)
Area in Square Miles 94,000 212,600 11,800 13,200 210,000
Population 45,500,100 42,000,000 8,300,000 8.500,000 67,500,000
Area of Colonies 13,100,000 4,300,000 940,000 790,000 1,100,000
Population of Colonies 470,000,000 65,000,000 13,000,000 66,000,000 13,000,000
Region Percentage Controlled
Africa 90.4
Polynesia 98.9
Asia 56.5
Australia 100.0
Americas 27.2
22Review Questions
- How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to
the rise of imperialism? - caused nations to search for new places to
colonize for 2 reasons (1) new markets to sell
goods and (2) raw materials to make products - How did nationalism contribute to the rise of
imperialism? - nationalism led to feelings of cultural
superiority the idea that other cultures
benefitted from imperialism - ruling other people increased a nations power
and glory
23Review Questions
- What methods of rule did Europeans use to govern
foreign peoples? - direct rule
- indirect rule
- protectorate
- sphere of influence
- How do you think the search for new colonies in
Africa, Asia, and Oceania may have affected
relations among European industrial nations?
24Review Questions
- Explain the meaning of the phrase The sun never
sets on the British Empire. - the British Empire was so vast (large) that at
any point of time the sun was up in some area
that they controlled - Based on the map on page 152, what places in
India remained free of British rule? - Goa was controlled by the Portuguese
- Based on the map on page 153, which two nations
held the most territory in Africa? - France and Great Britain
25Review Questions
- What were some arguments in favor of imperialism?
- it ended local warfare
- it helped develop farming, industry, and
transportation - it brought schools and hospitals
- it spread new ideas about human rights
26Review Questions
- What were some arguments against imperialism?
- it created bitter feelings between the imperial
nation and the people they ruled - it created feelings of superiority
- in many cases, native people were shut out
completely of government - the flooding of the market with cheap
manufactured goods destroyed local industries