3. time

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3. time
John F. Sowa
Her beskæftiger vi os med John F. Sowas
forklaring af erfaringsviden.
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Sowas perceptionsmodel
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Assembler(Sowa 1984, 34)
In perception, the assembler generates a working
model that matches incoming sensory icons.
Previous expectations may raise the level of
attention for certain percepts, but if those
percepts do not match the input, the working
model is refined with a better selection. As Fig.
2.2 shows, sensory icons come from external
sources, and the working model is generated by
internal processes.
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Associativ comparator
The associative comparator searches for available
percepts that match all or part of an incoming
sensory icon. Attention determines which parts of
a sensory icon are matched first or which classes
of percepts are searched.
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Working model
The assembler combines percepts from long-term
memory under the guidance of schemata. The result
is a working model that matches the sensory
icons. Larger percepts assembled from smaller
ones are added to the stock of percepts and
become available for future matching by the
associative comparator.
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Motor mechanisms
Motor mechanisms help the assembler to construct
a working model, and they, in turn, are directed
by a working model that represents the goal to be
achieved.
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Model for perception af en kat
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Mode l f orklar ing
The process of perception generates a structure
u called a conceptual graph in response to some
external entity or scene e -  The entity e gives
rise to a sensory icon s.  The associative
comparator finds one or more percepts p1,..., pn
that match all or part of s.  The assembler
combines the percepts p1,..., pn to form a
working model that approximates s .  If such a
working model can be constructed, the entity e is
said to be recognized by the percepts p1, ...,
pn.  For each percept pi in the working model,
there is a concept ci called the interpretation
of pi.  The concepts c1,'..., cn are linked by
conceptual relations to form the conceptual graph
u. (Sowa 1984, 70)
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Øvelse 2
hvilken information repræsentererdenne animation?
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Information og dataifølge Lekanger 2000, 28
Data informationers råstof
bruges som regel synonymt med information, men
Egentlig er data rå fakta og tal, som herefter
behandles.
Resultatet af behandlingen er informationer.
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Information og mening
Alt der findes er en mulig (kilde til)
information. (jf. Øvelse 3)
En genstand i omverden med bestemte egenskaber
eller relationer til andre genstande er en mulig
informationskilde.
Reflekterer genstanden fx lysstråler der

• modtages (sanses) og forarbejdes (processeres) af
  en modtager,

• så bliver genstanden til en informationskilde
  (sender)

• der overfører (transmitterer) information via
  signaler (her lysstråler).

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Information og mening,data og struktur
Ikke alle informationer er meningsbærende. (jf.
Øvelse 3)
En mulig information bliver meningsbærende hvis
denne indgår i en helhed der uddyber og
præciserer den oprindelige information ved
tilførsel af yderligere informationer. (jf.
Lekanger 2000, 50)
En helhed er en sammenhæng af dele eller
elementer.
Sammenhængen kaldes også struktur.
Meningsbærende informationer er datastrukturer.
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Øvelse 3.1 data, meningsbærende information
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Øvelse 3.2 data, meningsbærende information
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Øvelse 3.3 data, meningsbærende information
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