Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

1
Chapter 4

• Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

2
Organic Chemistry

• Carbon based
• Why carbon?
• Forms 4 bonds
• Tetrahedryl
• http//www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Ge
  ometry/Hybrid/Geom05.htm
• Forms long chains
• Chemical evolution
• Structural formula
• Hydrocarbons

3
Organic Compounds

• Carbon Backbone
• Functional groups
• Isomers
• Structural
• Geometric
• Enantiomers

4
Structural (Conformational)Isomer

• Carbon backbone rearranged
• Properties vary
• Structural formula needed

5
Geometric Isomer

• Arrangement around a double bond
• Cis
• Trans

6
Enantiomer

• Sterioisomer
• Mirror image
• Chiral carbon
• R (D)
• S (L)
• Biologically distinguishable
• Albuterol (R)
• Ibuprophen (S)
• Thalidomide (R)

7
Functional Groups

• Hydroxyl
• Carbonyl
• Ketone
• Aldehyde
• Carboxyl
• acidic

8
Functional Groups

• Amino
• Sulfhydryl
• Phosphate
• Methyl

9
Functional groups

• Estradiol
• Testosterone

10
Functional Groups

• ATP
• Phosphates
• Energy currency