The National Policy 1873-1900

1
The National Policy1873-1900s

• The National Policy
• Canadian Heartland and Hinterland
• Effects of Industrialization

2
The National Policy

• The National Policy was a means to produce growth
  in the Canadian economy using protective tariffs
  on American imports
• 3 Initiatives
• Protective tariffs against foreign goods
• A transcontinental railway
• Greater immigration to the West

3
The National Policy - Effects

• The National policys most immediate result was
  the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway
• Creation of an industrial Heartland in Central
  Canada (Ontario and Quebec) that has existed for
  over 100 years
• Canada was no longer Europes Hinterland

4
Canadian Heartland and Hinterland

• The National policy created a Canadian Heartland,
  but also a Canadian Hinterland
• The Maritimes and the West became that Hinterland

5
Canadian Heartland and Hinterland

• The Maritimes
• At the time (1878), Nova Scotia was expecting a
  great economic boom as the result of the National
  policy and its ice free harbour
• The Maritimes experienced prosperity, but it did
  not last
• Many companies based in the Heartland cared only
  for profit - not the economic well being of the
  Maritimes

6
Canadian Heartland and Hinterland - Effects

• The West
• Immigration in the West did not increase as
  expected, but eventually picked up
• The West took advantage of both the railway and
  federal subsidies for the wheat industry
• Conflicts with the Aboriginal and Métis
  communities over Treaty rights caused great
  difficulty for all involved

7
Effects of Industrialization

• Working Conditions
• Work conditions were harsh
• Long days
• Failure to meet demands resulted in lost wages
  and even corporal punishment
• Lack of health and safety standards resulted in
  many injuries and spread of disease
• Many workers were often exposed to harmful
  chemicals and dangerous working conditions

8
Effects of Industrialization

• Standard Of Living
• The standard of living at this time would cross
  between second and first world
• Many poor families
• High infant mortality rates
• Poor access to health care for most
• Lack of electricity, refrigeration and clean
  water

9
Effects of Industrialization

• Social Response
• Many of those in the middle-class took
  initiatives to help the poor
• This resulted in new hospitals, better health
  care, public sanitation, and useful legislation
  to promote the rights of workers

10
Effects of Industrialization

• Response of Workers
• Workers in new industrial factories generally
  responded in one of two ways
• Development of trade unions to fight for profit
  sharing, benefits, and better wages through
  strike action.
• More radical approach was to join together to
  restructure capitalism.

11
Case Study 11

1. Please read chapter 9 on Canadas National Policy
   of 1878 and record vocabulary words.
2. What is the National Policy? Why was it created?
   (fully explain)
3. How did the National Policy create a Canadian
   Heartland and Hinterland effect? Explain.
4. In an organizational chart show the effects of
   industrialization in Canadian society (see
   sample).

12
4 sample chart
Working conditions Standard of Living Middle class Response Response of working Class