India and Pakistan

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India and Pakistan
Yessenia Caldera Danielle Whiting
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• India
• 644' and 3530' North latitude
• 687' and 9725' East Longitude

• Pakistan
• 30and 0' North Latitude
• 70and 0' East Longitude

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India The country is divided between two time
zones so the hours of the days and nights do
differ
Pakistan The country only has one time zone so
the hours of the days and nights are the same.
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India Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)5.5
hrs Pakistan Time zone (GMT) 5 hrs.
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India The Tropic of Cancer passes through the
middle of India, the whole country is considered
to be tropical.
Pakistan Tropic of Cancer passes through the
bottom of the country
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• Pakistan
• Epidote
• Morganite
• Tormaline
• Aquamarine
• Garnets
• Apatites

• India
• Calcite(most famous, is found in the Deccan
  Traps)
• Mica
• Aventurine quartz
• Hollandite (first one found)

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• India
• It appears to have risen as a result of a
  collision between the drifting Indian plate and
  the Tibetan plate of South Asia about 50 million
  years ago.
• The Himalayas reached their present heights much
  later.
• The subcontinent's subsequent collision with the
  Eurasian Plate and subduction under it, gave rise
  to the Himalayas, the planet's highest mountains,
  which now abut India in the north and the
  north-east.
• Impingement of the Indian Plate has continued for
  about 50 million years, whereas the Arabian Plate
  collision is more recent and began about 20
  million years ago.

• Pakistan
• As oceanic crust is sub ducted under a
  continental margin a sequence of distinctive
  landforms develops
• Linear ranges of accreted material lie along the
  coast
• A topographic depression form farther inland.
• The Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir also lie
  mainly in Central Asia along the edge of the
  Indian plate and as a result are prone to severe
  earthquakes where Eurasian and the Indian plates
  collide.

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• Rivers
• The main rivers are the Himalayan group
• The Indus
• The Ganga
• The Brahmaputra

• Watersheds
• There are mainly three water-sheds.
• Himalayan range with its Karakoram branch in the
  North
• Vindhyan and Satpura ranges in Central India
• Sahyadri or Western Chats on the West Coast.
• All the major rivers of India originate in one or
  the other of these watersheds.

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• India
• The north, north east and north west lie the
  Himalayan ranges Himalayas, the highest mountain
  system in the world, it is also one of the
  world's youngest mountain ranges.
• Patkai and allied mountain ranges run along the
  Indo-Bangladesh-Burma border.
• Aravalli range in north-western India is one of
  the oldest mountain systems in the world .
• Vindhyan range traverses nearly the whole width
  of Peninsular India

• Pakistan
• Tirich Mir Mountain
• Thar Desert

• India and Pakistan
• Encompassed by the India Ocean, and Arabian Sea

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• India
• lowest point Indian Ocean 0 m
• highest point Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

• Pakistan
• lowest point Indian Ocean 0 m
• highest point K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

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• India
• Released an average 1.2 tons of Carbon dioxide
  per person in 2004
• Pakistan
• 97,409 tons of Carbon dioxide since 1998

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• India
• Northeast Trade winds blow throughout the winter
  months.
• During the Northern Hemisphere summer however,
  the ITCZ is shifted well to the north of the
  equator, when the midday Sun is overhead at the
  Tropic of Cancer at latitude 23.5 north.
• The Southeast Trade winds now cross the equator,
  and are deflected to the right by the Coriolis
  force, forming the Southwest Monsoons.
• This summertime airflow picks up considerable
  moisture crossing the Indian Ocean, and brings a
  heavy and prolonged wet season to India and
  Southeast Asia through April to September, known
  as the Monsoon.

• Pakistan
• High altitude mountains in an area where wind
  patterns are concentrated.
• Such wind patterns commonly blow dust from the
  coastal valleys into the water.
• In most rainfed areas of Pakistan, the soils have
  developed from wind and water transported
  materials and consist of loess, old alluvial
  deposits, mountain out-wash and recent stream
  valley deposits.

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• Pakistan
• Has three seasons
• Winter (November to March)
• Is warm and cooled by sea breezes on the coast
• Summer (April to July)
• Has extreme temperatures
• Monsoon season (July to September)
• Has the highest rainfall on the hills. Karachi
  has little rain.
• Average humidity 31

• India
• Hot tropical weather with variations from region
  to region.
• Coolest weather lasts from December to February.
• Really hot weather, is between March and May.
• Monsoon rains occur in most regions in summer
  between June and September.
• Southwest Humidity is extreme
• Southeast Tamil Nadu has monsoons between
  October and December. Humidity are high all year
• Northeast  March to June and September to
  November are the driest and most pleasant periods
  
• Average humidity 40- 60

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• Climate Temperate
• How mountains, altitudes, proximity to large body
  of water affects the climate
• 43 sandy beaches, 11 rocky coast including
  cliffs, and 46 marshy coast.
• India's climate is strongly influenced by the
  Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which
  drive the monsoons.
• The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian
  katabolic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk
  of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most
  locations at similar latitudes.
• The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in
  attracting the moisture-laden southwest summer
  monsoon winds that, between June and October,
  provide the majority of India's rainfall
• Marine or continental climates Marine
• Arid or humid climates, how this refers to the
  latitudes Humid, due to having the tropic of
  cancer pass right through the country.
• Microclimates India hosts six major climatic
  subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the west,
  alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and
  humid tropical regions supporting rainforests in
  the southwest and the island territories. Many
  regions have starkly different microclimates.

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• Climate Temperate
• How mountains, altitudes, proximity to large body
  of water affects the climate
• There is little rainfall.
• These generalizations should not, however,
  obscure the distinct differences existing among
  particular locations.
• The coastal area along the Arabian Sea is usually
  warm, whereas the frozen snow-covered ridges of
  the Karakoram Range and of other mountains of the
  far north are so cold year round that they are
  only accessible by world-class climbers for a few
  weeks in May and June of each year.
• Marine or continental climates Marine
• Arid or humid climates, how this refers to the
  latitudes The climate is generally arid,
  characterized by hot summers and cool or cold
  winters, and wide variations between extremes of
  temperature at given locations.
• Microclimates Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert
  temperate in northwest arctic in north

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• India
• Bounded on the south west by the Arabian Sea and
  on the south east by the Bay of Bengal
• Salinities
• Less than 35 parts per thousand have been
  recorded in the upper 150 feet of the sea, while
  during the dry season (November to March)
• When the northeast monsoon winds blow, salinities
  of more than 36 parts per thousand have been
  recorded at the surface over the entire Arabian
  Sea north of latitude 5 N, except off the Somali
  coast.

• Pakistan
• Is also on the southern side of the country,
  there you will see the Arabian Sea, and past the
  Arabian sea is the Indian ocean.
• A salinity of 35 psu

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India Suffer from droughts flash floods, as
well as widespread and destructive flooding from
monsoonal rains severe thunderstorms
earthquakes
Pakistan Suffer from frequent earthquakes,
occasionally severe especially in north and west
flooding along the Indus River after heavy rains
(July and August)
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• Pakistan
• Includes 4 Biomes
• The Desert
• Temperate Grassland
• Tropical Seasonal Forest
• Mountain Ranges

• India
• Includes 4 Biomes
• The Tropical Rain Forest
• The Himalayan Mountains
• Tropical Dry Forest
• Tropical Deciduous Forest

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• Pakistan
• Population 167,762,040
• Median age
• total 21.2 years
• male 21 years
• female 21.4 years
• Population growth rate1.805
• Birth rate26.93/1,000 population
• Death rate7.83/1,000 population
• Net migration rate-1.05 migrant
• Sex ratio
• at birth 1.05 male/female
• under 15 years 1.06 male/female
• 15-64 years 1.05 male/female
• 65 years and over 0.89 male/female
• total population 1.05 male/female
• Total fertility rate3.58 children

• India
• Population 1,147,995,898
• Median age
• total 25.1 years
• male 24.7 years
• female 25.5 years
• Population growth rate1.578
• Birth rate 22.22/1,000 population
• Death rate 6.4/1,000 population
• Net migration rate-0.05 migrant
• Sex ratio
• at birth 1.12 male/female
• under 15 years 1.1 male/female
• 15-64 years 1.06 male/female
• 65 years and over 0.9 male/female
• total population 1.06 male/female
• Total fertility rate2.76 children

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References

• https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
  -factbook/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
• http//www.tourism.gov.pk/Index.html
• http//www.incredibleindia.org/
• http//www.stone-network.com/rocks/minerals.html
• http//www.rocksandminerals.org/rm8002.php
• http//www.google.com/search?hlenrlscom.microso
  ft3AenusqrocksandmineralsfoundinIndia
• http//www.mineralsweb.com/Upt-Pakistan-New-Minera
  l-Specimens Fine-minerals-direct-from-the-source/p
  /3/81/0/
• http//www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid20601091si
  daXyxZq5axUMreferindia
• http//www.wunderground.com/global/Region/i_IN/Hum
  idity.html
• http//www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/climate/Older/Pressur
  e_Patterns.html