The Spanish American War 1898

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The Spanish American War 1898

• Chapter 22 Section 3

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The Cuban Rebellion

• Spain ruled Cuba for centuries, almost 500 years.
• The Cuban people revolted against the Spanish
  because they wanted to rule themselves.
• Jose Marti led the Cubans independence movement
  against the Spanish in 1895.
• The Spanish retaliated and many Cubans were
  killed, including Jose Marti.

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American in Cuba

• In 1880, as the U.S. government prepared for
  overseas expansion, wiping out Native American
  resistance in the West and building an offensive
  Navy, U.S. investment in Cuba increased rapidly.
  While six percent of Cuban exports went to Spain,
  a whopping eighty-six percent went to the U.S.
• By 1894, less than 20 of sugar mill owners in
  Cuba were Cubans, and more than 95 of all Cuban
  sugar exports went to the U.S.
• On January 24, 1898, President William McKinley
  sent the USS Maine to Havana to "protect American
  lives and property.
• At 940 p.m. on February 15, 1898, while sitting
  on the harbor at Havana, a freak accident, or an
  act of sabotage, caused an explosion that sent
  260 sailors to their deaths and the battleship
  Maine to the ocean floor.
• In late February, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt,
  Assistant Secretary of the Navy, prepared the
  American naval fleet for action against the
  Spanish in the Philippines. The Philippines
  served as a base for the Spanish navy.
• On May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey and the
  U.S. navy attacked the Spanish fleet in the
  Philippines, destroying most of the Spanish
  ships.
• On April 25, 1898, the U.S. declared war on
  Spain.
• Teddy Roosevelt, who eventually became a U.S.
  president, was so eager to make a name for
  himself that he resigned his post as Assistant
  Secretary of the Navy in order to join the war
  and claim his "chance at glory." In a mad rush
  for notoriety, Roosevelt personally financed the
  expedition and outfitted his troops. It was
  Roosevelt's "Rough Riders" that took San Juan
  Hill away from the depleted Spanish defenders.

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• Roosevelt and the Rough Riders at the top of San
  Juan Hill, Cuba.

• Theodore Roosevelt

• Buffalo Soldiers African American Soldiers in
  the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry of the U.S. Army.
  These soldiers joined the Rough Riders in the war
  against Spain in Cuba.

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America in Cuba

• The Battle of Santiago Bay, May 19, 1898, between
  the Spanish and U.S. naval forces, ended
  centuries of Spanish power in the Western
  hemisphere. 1,800 Spaniards died in the battle,
  in contrast to one American.
• On August 11, 1898, Spain accepted the peace
  terms, in which the U.S. received control of 4
  new territories Cuba, Puerto Rico, the
  Philippines and Guam
• Although the treaty officially granted Cuba's
  independence, it was the U.S. flag, not the Cuban
  flag, that was raised over Havana.
• Spain received payment of 20-million for Guam,
  Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

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Treaty of Paris- Dec. 19, 1898

• The Treaty of Paris between the U.S and Spain
  officially ended the Spanish- American War.
• In 1901 the U.S. agreed to grant Cubans
  independence, but the Cubans had to agree to
  certain terms.
• The Platt Amendment expressed the terms under
  which Cuba would become independent.

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The Platt Amendment-1901

• The conditions of the Platt Amendmentt
• Cuba could not make treaties with any other
  nations.
• The U.S. would control a naval base at Guantanamo
  Bay.
• The U.S. would be able to intervene in Cuban
  affairs if their independence was threatened.

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Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

• The oldest overseas U.S. Naval Base and the only
  one in a country with which the U.S. does not
  maintain diplomatic relations.
• In February 1903, the United States leased 45
  square miles of land and water at Guantanamo Bay
  for use as a coaling (fueling) station.  The
  treaty was finalized and the document  was
  ratified by both governments and signed in Havana
  in December of that same year.  
•  A 1934 treaty reaffirming the lease added a
  requirement that termination of the lease
  requires the consent of both the U.S. and Cuba
  governments, or the abandonment of the base
  property by the U.S.
•  Naval Base Guantanamo Bay is on the front lines
  of the battle for regional security and
  protection from drug trafficking and terrorism,
  and protection for those who attempt to make
  their way through regional seas in un-seaworthy
  craft.  
•  Mission of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
• The base protects the ability of US Navy and
  Coast Guard ships to operate in the Caribbean
  operating area with supplies and support for
  their operational commitments.  During the past
  year Naval Base Guantanamo Bay has become the
  host to the Detainee Mission of the War on
  Terrorism following the September 11, 2001
  terrorist attacks. 

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10
Acquiring the Philippines

• The U.S. Acquired the Philippines in the Treaty
  of Paris in 1898.
• The people of the Philippines wanted independence
  and revolted against the American presence in
  their country.
• In 1901, the U.S. transferred power to a civilian
  government led by future U.S. president, William
  Howard Taft.
• The Philippines did not gain full independence
  until 1946.

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Quiz

• What country ruled Cuba for almost 5 centuries?
• Who led the Cuban independence movement?
• What battleship was sent to protect American
  citizens and interests in Cuba?
• What happened to the American battleship?
• Who was blamed for the incident?
• What did this event lead to?
• When did America declare war on Spain?
• What happened on May 1, 1898?
• What future U.S. president led the Rough Riders
  and took San Juan Hill in Cuba?
• Who led the U.S. naval fleet in the Philippines?
• Besides Cuba, what other Spanish colonies did the
  U.S. acquire from Spain?
• What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?
• List the 3 terms of the Platt Amendment.
• When did the Philippines gain independence?

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Quiz Answers

• Spain
• Jose Marti
• U.S.S. Maine
• A freak accident, or act of sabotage, caused an
  explosion that killed 260 sailors.
• Spain
• Declaration of war against Spain
• April 25, 1898
• The U.S. Navy attacked the Spanish fleet in the
  Phillipines (first action of the Spanish-American
  War)
• Commodore George Dewey
• Theodore Teddy Roosevelt
• Puerto Rico, Phillipines, and Guam
• Treaty of Paris
• Cuba could not make treaties with any other
  nations
• The U.S. would control a naval base at
  Guantanamo Bay.
• The U.S. would be able to intervene in
  Cuban affairs if their independence was
  threatened.
• 14. 1946