Islamic Civilization

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Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization
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Islamic Civilization
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Rise of
Islam Section 2 Islamic Empires Section 3
Muslim Ways of Life Reading Review Chapter
Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding
slides.
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Islamic Civilization
Chapter Objectives

• Explain how the religion of Islam began and grew.
  ?

• Discuss how Muslims spread their faith throughout
  the Middle East and the Mediterranean. ?

• Summarize the achievements of the Muslim empires.

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Islamic Civilization
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(No Transcript)
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The Rise of Islam
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section discusses the life of the prophet
Muhammad and the rise of the religion he founded,
Islam, in the Arabian desert.
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The Rise of Islam
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The deserts, coastline, and oases of Arabia
  helped shape the Arab way of life. ?

• The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam
  to the people of Arabia. ?

• The Quran provided guidelines for Muslims lives
  and the governments of Muslim states.

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The Rise of Islam
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Makkah (MAKkuh) ?

• Kaaba (KAHbuh) ?

• Madinah (mahDEEnah) ?

Meeting People

• Bedouin (BEHduhwuhn) ?

• Muhammad (mohHAHmuhd)

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The Rise of Islam
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• oasis (ohAYsuhs) ?

• sheikh (SHAYK) ?

• caravan (KARuhVAN) ?

• Quran (kohRAHN) ?

Reading Strategy
Organizing Information Use a diagram like the
one on page 372 of your textbook to identify the
Five Pillars of faith.
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The Rise of Islam
Daily Life in Early Arabia

• Much of the Arabian peninsula is desert, although
  there are mountains in the southwest. ?

• Oases are green areas
  fed by an underground
  water source. ?

• Early Arabs formed tribes
  that were headed by a sheikh. ?

• The Bedouins were desert herders who traveled
  from oasis to oasis to water their animals.

(pages 373374)
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The Rise of Islam
Daily Life in Early Arabia (cont.)

• Many Arabs lived in villages near oases. ?

• Merchants who transported goods across the
  deserts formed caravans to protect themselves
  from Bedouin attacks. ?

• Caravans are groups of traveling merchants and
  animals. ?

• Trade grew, and merchants founded towns along
  trade routes.

(pages 373374)
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The Rise of Islam
Daily Life in Early Arabia (cont.)

• Makkah was the largest and wealthiest trade
  center and is an important religious site visited
  by pilgrims. ?

• In the middle of Makkah is the Kaaba, a low
  square building surrounded by statues of gods and
  goddesses. ?

• Inside is a large stone Arabs believe came from
  heaven. ?

• Arabs consider Allah the creator.

(pages 373374)
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The Rise of Islam
How did Makkah evolve as the largest trade city?
Makkah was a crossroads for merchant traders, and
it was an important holy site for Arab pilgrims.
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The Rise of Islam
Muhammad Islams Prophet

• Muhammad was accepted as a prophet to the people
  of Arabia. ?

• Muhammad was dissatisfied with the ways of his
  town leaders and went into the hills to pray. ?

• There he was visited by an angel who told him to
  preach Islam. ?

• Muhammad returned to Makkah and told people to
  worship one God, Allah.

(pages 374375)
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The Rise of Islam
Muhammad Islams Prophet (cont.)

• Muhammad also preached that all people are equal
  and that the rich should share their wealth with
  the poor. ?

• Many poor people began accepting Muhammads
  message and became Muslims, or followers of
  Islam. ?

• Wealthy people did not like Muhammads message,
  and they made life difficult for Muhammad and his
  followers.

(pages 374375)
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The Rise of Islam
Muhammad Islams Prophet (cont.)

• Muhammad and his followers left Makkah for
  Yathrib. ?

• This journey is known as the Hijrah.

(pages 374375)
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The Rise of Islam
Muhammad Islams Prophet (cont.)

• Yathrib welcomed the Muslims and renamed their
  city Madinah. ?

• Muhammad used the laws he believed he had
  received from God to rule the people of Madinah,
  creating an Islamic state, or a government that
  uses its political power to uphold Islam. ?

• Muhammad built an army to defend his new
  government.

(pages 374375)
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The Rise of Islam
Muhammad Islams Prophet (cont.)

• The army conquered Makkah, and Muhammad returned
  to the holy city. ?

• Muhammad died two years after his return.

(pages 374375)
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The Rise of Islam
Why did wealthy merchants and religious leaders
dislike Muhammad?
Muhammads message appealed to poor people. If
poor people became dissatisfied with their
leaders, they might rebel. This threatened the
power of the wealthy people.
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The Rise of Islam
Islams Teachings

• Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have some
  beliefs in common. ?

• The Quran is the holy book of Islam. ?

• Many moral teachings in the
  Quran are similar to those in
  the Bible. ?

• Many rules in the Quran apply
  to Muslims daily life.

(pages 377378)
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The Rise of Islam
Islams Teachings (cont.)

• The Five Pillars of Islam, or acts of worship,
  are to be followed by all Muslims. ?

• The Five Pillars are belief, prayer, charity,
  fasting, and pilgrimage. ?

• The Sunna is the name given to customs based on
  Muhammads words and deeds. ?

• Islams law code is taken from the Quran and the
  Sunna.

(pages 377378)
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The Rise of Islam
What moral teachings do the Bible and the Quran
share?
The Quran and the Bible both demand honesty,
fairness, kindness to neighbors, honoring of
parents, and giving to the poor. They both also
prohibit murder, lying, and stealing.
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The Rise of Islam
What are oases, and why were they important to
Arabs?
Oases are green areas in the desert fed by
underground water, that supplied water for Arab
herders.
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The Rise of Islam
Name some activities the Quran prohibits.
The Quran prohibits murder, lying, gambling,
stealing, eating pork, and drinking liquor.
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The Rise of Islam
Conclude Why do you think Muhammads teachings
were popular with poorer people?
Because Muhammad taught that goods should be
shared, the poorer people realized the
possibility of benefiting through charity.
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The Rise of Islam
Analyze How did Muhammad link religion and
government?
Muhammad applied gods laws to all areas of life
and used these laws to settle disputes among the
people.
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The Rise of Islam
Expository Writing Suppose you are living in
Makkah at the time Muhammad began preaching.
Write a short newspaper article that describes
Muhammads teachings and the reactions of people
in the city to those teachings.
Answers will vary but should include his
teachings and peoples reactions.
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The Rise of Islam
Compare Islams origins to the beginnings of
another religion you have studied.
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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section highlights the spread of Islamic
empires into areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest,
  and trade. ?

• While Muslims split into two groups, the Arab
  Empire reached new heights. ?

• Turks and Moguls built Muslim empires in Asia,
  Africa, and Europe.

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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Damascus (duhMASkuhs) ?

• Indonesia (IHNduhNEEzhuh) ?

• Timbuktu (TIHMBUHKTOO) ?

• Baghdad (BAGdad) ?

• Delhi (DEHlee)

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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Meeting People

• Umayyad (ooMYuhd) ?

• Sufi (SOOfee) ?

• Abbasid (uhBAsuhd) ?

• Suleiman I (SOOlayMAHN) ?

• Mogul (MOHguhl) ?

• Akbar (AKbuhr)

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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• caliph (KAYluhf) ?
• Shiite (SHEEeyet) ?
• Sunni (SUnee) ?
• sultan (SUHLtuhn)

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Islamic Empires
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Cause and Effect Create a diagram like the one on
page 379 of your textbook, to show why the Arabs
were successful conquerors.
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Islamic Empires
The Spread of Islam

• Muhammads successor was called a caliph, or
  successor to the Messenger of God. ?

• The first four caliphs to rule from Madinah were
  called the Rightly Guided Caliphs. ?

• The Umayyad caliphs made their capital the city
  of Damascus. ?

• Islam spread during their rule.

(pages 380381)
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Islamic Empires
The Spread of Islam (cont.)

• The Islamic state soon became a great empire. ?

• It was successful for several reasons. ?

• Arabs were good horsemen, good with a sword, and
  inspired by their religion. ?

• Muslims believed people who died fighting for
  Islam would go to paradise.

(pages 380381)
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Islamic Empires
The Spread of Islam (cont.)

• Arabs let conquered people practice their own
  religion, but they made non-Muslims pay a special
  tax. ?

• Many conquered people adopted the Muslim customs.
  ?

• The Sufis were a group of Muslims who spread
  Islam through teaching. ?

• Arab merchants spread Islam throughout southeast
  Asia.

(pages 380381)
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Islamic Empires
The Spread of Islam (cont.)

• Indonesia is a southeast Asian country that has
  the largest Muslim population in the world. ?

• Timbuktu, a west African city, became the center
  of Muslim learning.

(pages 380381)
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Islamic Empires
How did Muslims treat Christians and Jews that
lived within their society?
Muslims believed Jews and Christians to be People
of the Book, meaning they believed in one God and
had holy writings. The Muslims did not persecute
the Jews and Christians, but they did not treat
them as equals.
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Islamic Empires
Struggles Within Islam

• After Muhammads death, the Muslims split into
  two groups the Sunnis and the Shiites. ?

• The Shiites believed that Muhammads son-in-law,
  Ali, should succeed Muhammad and that all future
  caliphs should be descendents of Ali. ?

• Sunnis believe that the Umayyad caliphs were
  rightful leaders.

(pages 382383)
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Islamic Empires
Struggles Within Islam (cont.)

• Over time, these two groups developed their own
  customs. ?

• The Umayyad dynasty lost power and was replaced
  with a new dynasty called the Abbasids. ?

• The Abbasids built a new capital, Baghdad. ?

• Baghdad prospered as a center of trade because of
  its central location.

(pages 382383)
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Islamic Empires
Struggles Within Islam (cont.)

• The Abbasids lost control as Muslims in other
  parts of the world wanted their own caliphs. ?

• The Seljuk Turks were nomads and warriors. ?

• They gradually took control of the Abbasid
  dynasty. ?

• The Seljuk ruler was called a Sultan. ?

• The Arab Empire ended when the Mongols invaded
  Baghdad and burned it to the ground.

(pages 382383)
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Islamic Empires
How did the Seljuk Turks take power?
The Abbasids hired the Seljuk Turks as soldiers.
The Seljuks soon saw that the Abbasids were weak,
so the Seljuks took power.
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Islamic Empires
Later Muslim Empires

• The Ottoman Turks were a group of Turks in
  northwest Asia Minor who began to build their own
  empire. ?

• They conquered the Byzantine Empire and changed
  the name of Constantinople to Istanbul. ?

• The Ottoman army moved into Europe, Syria,
  Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and parts of
  Arabia and North Africa.

(pages 384386)
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Islamic Empires
Later Muslim Empires (cont.)

• The leader of the Ottomans was called a sultan. ?

• The most famous sultan was Suleiman I. ?

• After the rule of Suleiman I, the Ottoman empire
  gradually fell apart, collapsing completely at
  the end of World War I. ?

• The Ottoman empire was made up of different
  people who practiced different religions.

(pages 384386)
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Islamic Empires
Later Muslim Empires (cont.)

• Non-Muslims could practice their own religions,
  but they had to pay a special tax. ?

• Christian families in Eastern Europe had to send
  their sons to Istanbul to become Muslims and
  train as soldiers. ?

• The Moguls created a Muslim empire in India and
  made their capital city Delhi.

(pages 384386)
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Islamic Empires
Later Muslim Empires (cont.)

• Akbar was the greatest Mogul ruler. ?

• The Mogul empire
  declined after Akbars
  rule. ?

• European merchants
  used their military power
  to take
  control of Mogul
  territory. ?

• Eventually, Great Britain
  took over most of India.

(pages 384386)
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Islamic Empires
How did Akbar treat the Hindus?
Akbar believed all people should be treated
fairly. Akbar allowed Hindus and Muslims to
serve in government, and he allowed Hindus to
practice their own religion.
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Islamic Empires
How did the Muslims treat conquered peoples?
They allowed them to practice their own religion,
but they had to pay a tax.
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Islamic Empires
How far did the Arab Empire spread under the
Umayyads?
The Arab Empire spread to India, North Africa,
and Spain.
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Islamic Empires
Contrast Describe the differences between the
Shiite and Sunni Muslims.
Shiites caliph should be descended from Ali,
they rejected the Umayyads Sunnis accepted the
Umayyad rule, adopted different customs and
religious practices
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Islamic Empires
Summarize Besides conquests by Arab armies, how
was Islam spread?
Sufis taught Islam, and Arab traders spread Islam.
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Islamic Empires
Evaluate Why was Akbar considered a great ruler?
Under Akbar, India was peaceful and orderly.
Trade increased and new architecture came to
India.
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Islamic Empires
Persuasive Writing Which Muslim empirethe
Umayyads, the Ottomans, or the Mogulstreated its
non-Muslim subjects the most fairly? The least
fairly? Write a paragraph to defend your answer.
Answers will vary.
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Islamic Empires
Why do you think the Muslim empires were
successful?
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Muslim Ways of Life
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
In this section, you will learn about the
cultural and scientific achievements of Muslim
civilization, as well as about the daily life of
the peoples of the Muslim empires.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• While Muslim traders enjoyed great success and
  cities grew, most Muslims lived in villages in
  the country. ?

• Muslims made valuable contributions in math,
  science, and the arts.

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Muslim Ways of Life
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places

• Granada (gruhNAHduh) ?

• Agra (Ahgruh) ?

Meeting People

• Mamun (MahMOON) ?

• al-Razi (ahlRAHzee) ?

• Ibn Sina (ihbuhn SEEnuh) ?

• Omar Khayyam (OHMAHR KYYAHM) ?

• Ibn Khaldun (IHbuhn KALDOON)

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Muslim Ways of Life
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary

• mosque (mahsk) ?

• bazaar (buhZAHR) ?

• minaret (MIHnuhREHT) ?

• crier (CRYuhr) ?

Reading Strategy
Organizing Information Create a pyramid like the
one on page 387 of your textbook to show the
social classes in the early Muslim world.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Trade and Everyday Life

• Until the 1400s, Muslim traders were the most
  successful merchants in the Middle East and North
  Africa for several reasons the expansion of the
  Arabic language, the provision of coins by Muslim
  rulers, and banking practices. ?

• Mosques are Muslim houses of worship.

(pages 388390)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Trade and Everyday Life (cont.)

• Bazaars, or marketplaces, were important to
  cities. ?

• Most Muslims lived in small villages and farmed.

(pages 388390)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Trade and Everyday Life (cont.)

• Wealthy landowners began taking over farms, and
  the farmers worked for the landowner. ?

• Muslim social classes were based on power and
  wealth. ?

• Government leaders, landowners, and traders were
  in the higher class. ?

• Below them were artisans, farmers, and workers.

(pages 388390)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Trade and Everyday Life (cont.)

• Slaves made up the lower class. ?

• Men ran government, society, and business. ?

• Women helped run families. ?

• They could inherit wealth and own property, and
  in many places they had to cover their faces and
  wear long robes in public. ?

• This clothing custom is called hijab.

(pages 388390)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Why do women follow the custom of hijab?
The teachings of Muhammad state that womens
clothing should not attract attention. Some
women also think covering their faces and bodies
allows them to be judged for themselves and not
for their bodies.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Muslim Achievements

• Arabic language helped different people trade
  goods and share knowledge. ?

• Mamun was an Abbasid caliph who founded the House
  of Wisdom in Baghdad. ?

• Muslim scholars preserved much of the learning of
  the ancient world, such as the works of Aristotle
  and other Greek thinkers.

(pages 390394)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Muslim Achievements (cont.)

• Muslims invented algebra and perfected the
  astrolabe, a tool used to study the stars. ?

• They also experimented with metals. ?

• al-Razi, a Muslim chemist, developed a system for
  categorizing substances as animal, mineral, or
  vegetable. ?

• Ibn Sina, a Persian doctor, showed how diseases
  spread from person to person.

(pages 390394)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Muslim Achievements (cont.)

• Muslims created great works of literature. ?

• Omar Khayyam was a Persian poet who wrote the
  Rubaiyat, a poem considered one of the finest
  ever written, and The Arabian Nights is one of
  the most well known works of Muslim literature. ?

• Ibn Khaldun, a great Muslim historian, was one of
  the first people to study the effect of geography
  and climate on people.

(pages 390394)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Muslim Achievements (cont.)

• Muslim architecture includes great mosques, many
  with domes and minaretstowers from which a
  crier, or announcer, calls believers to pray. ?

• Islamic rulers lived in lush brick palaces, with
  courtyards, pools, porches, and fountains. ?

• Most palaces were surrounded by walls. ?

• The Alhambra is a famous Muslim palace located in
  Granada, Spain.

(pages 390394)
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Muslim Ways of Life
Muslim Achievements (cont.)

• The Taj Mahal in Agra, India, was created as a
  tomb for the wife of Shah Jahan, a Mogul ruler. ?

• Muslims do not show images of Muhammad in their
  art.

(pages 390394)
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Muslim Ways of Life
What discovery did Muslim scientists make using
the astrolabe?
They used the astrolabe to measure the size and
distance around the earth. Based on their
findings, they realized the earth is round.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Describe the three Muslim social groups.
Top government leaders, landowners, traders
Middle artisans, farmers, workers Bottom
enslaved people
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Muslim Ways of Life
What contributions did Muslims make in the field
of medicine?
They discovered that blood circulates and how
diseases spread.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Summarize Describe several factors that made
Muslim trade strong.
Arabic became the language of trade the use of
coins and detailed records led to banking.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Analyze How did the Arabic language and Muslim
leaders help preserve and advance the worlds
knowledge?
The use of Arabic in Muslim empires helped people
share learning. Scholars rewrote Greek, Persian,
and Indian texts in Arabic.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Evaluate Which Muslim contribution do you think
had the greatest effect on later civilizations?
Answers will vary.
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Muslim Ways of Life
Descriptive Writing Imagine you are living in a
Muslim city. Write to a friend describing a
bazaar. Describe what a bazaar is and some of
the items you might find there.
Letters should describe what a marketplace looks
like and the kinds of goods that are for sale
there.
79
Muslim Ways of Life
Summarize Muslim contributions in the area of
science, art, or literature.
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Islamic Civilization
Section 1 The Rise of Islam
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• The deserts, coastline, and oases of Arabia
  helped shape the Arab way of life. ?

• The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam
  to the people of Arabia. ?

• The Quran provided guidelines for Muslims lives
  and the governments of Muslim states.

82
Islamic Civilization
Section 2 Islamic Empires
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest,
  and trade. ?

• While Muslims split into two groups, the Arab
  Empire reached new heights. ?

• Turks and Moguls built Muslim empires in Asia,
  Africa, and Europe.

83
Islamic Civilization
Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life
Focusing on the Main Ideas

• While Muslim traders enjoyed great success and
  cities grew, most Muslims lived in villages in
  the country. ?

• Muslims made valuable contributions in math,
  science, and the arts.

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Islamic Civilization
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary word that completes
each sentence.

• A. caravan
• B. caliph
• C. sultan
• D. mosque
• Quran
• minaret
• sheikh
• Bazaar
• Sunnis
• Shiites

F
__ 1. A crier called Muslims to prayer from the
__ of a mosque. __ 2. After Muhammad died, his
followers chose a __ to lead them. __ 3. The most
famous __ was Suleiman. __ 4. In each Muslim
city, a __ sold goods to local and out-of-town
merchants.
B
C
H
86
Islamic Civilization
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary word that completes
each sentence.

• A. caravan
• B. caliph
• C. sultan
• D. mosque
• Quran
• minaret
• sheikh
• Bazaar
• Sunnis
• Shiites

A
__ 5. Arab merchants traveling in a __ used
camels to carry goods across the desert. __
6. The Muslim holy book is called the __. __
7. Each tribe of early Arabs was led by a __. __
8. Each __ was a house of worship and a school.
E
G
D
87
Islamic Civilization
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary word that completes
each sentence.

• A. caravan
• B. caliph
• C. sultan
• D. mosque
• Quran
• minaret
• sheikh
• Bazaar
• Sunnis
• Shiites

J
__ 9. The __ believed that Muhammads son-in-law
should succeed him. __ 10. According to the __,
the Umayyad dynasty were rightful caliphs.
I
88
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The Rise of Islam
How did geography affect the early Arabs way of
life?
Early Arabs organized into tribes to survive in
the desert and traveled from oasis to oasis.
89
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The Rise of Islam
What guidelines did the Quran provide for the
governments of Muslim states?
Its ideas were used in government.
90
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 Islamic Empires
How did the Arabs spread Islam?
through preaching, conquest, and trade
91
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 Islamic Empires
Why did the Muslims split into two groups?
They disagreed over who should be caliph.
92
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life
What scientific advances were made by early
Muslims?
They perfected the astrolabe, measured the earth,
realized the earth was round, experimented with
metals, founded chemistry, discovered that blood
circulates and how diseases spread.
93
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life
What is significant about Ibn Khalduns recording
of history?
He studied the effects of geography and climate
on people.
94
Islamic Civilization
Compare How are Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
similar?
The are monotheistic, have laws, and believe in
an afterlife.
95
Islamic Civilization
Evaluate Do you think a government that allows
people to practice any religion they choose will
be stronger than one that does not? Explain.
Answers will vary.
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97
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98
Maps The Middle East c. A.D. 600 The Spread of
Islam A.D. 632750 Abbasid Empire A.D. 800 The
Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
Charts The Five Pillars of Islam The Rightly
Guided Caliphs
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding
slides.
99
The Middle East c. A.D. 600
100
The Spread of Islam A.D. 632750
101
Abbasid Empire A.D. 800
102
The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
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105
The Rise of Islam
Camels are important to desert dwellers. They
are sturdy animals that can go as long as seven
days without water. Camels also have other
adaptations that help them survive in the desert,
such as two sets of eyelashes. A long pair
protects their eyes from the harsh glare of the
sun. The other, shorter pair keeps the sand out
of their eyes.
106
Islamic Empires
Baghdad today is the capital of Iraq and one of
the largest cities in the Middle East. The
people of Baghdad have suffered two recent
warsthe Gulf War of 1991 and the 2003 Iraq war.
107
Muslim Ways of Life
Muslims follow Islamic dietary laws. They are
required to eat only pure meat, or halal. Pork,
monkey, dog, cat, and any type of carnivore are
prohibited in the Muslim diet. Other animals
must be slaughtered according to Islamic laws to
be considered pure.
108
Reading Social Studies
Learn It!
Main Ideas and Details
Main ideas are the most important ideas in a
paragraph, section, or chapter. Supporting
details are facts or examples that explain the
main idea. Read the paragraph on the next slide
from Section 3 and notice how the author explains
the main idea.
109
Reading Social Studies
Several things explain the success of Muslin
trade. When Muslim empires expanded, they spread
the Arabic language. As a result, Arabic became
the language of trade. Muslin rulers also made
trade easier by providing merchants with coins.
from page 388
Supporting Detail
Supporting Detail
Supporting Detail
Main Idea
Supporting Detail
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
110
Reading Social Studies
Practice It!
Using a Graphic Organizer
Read the paragraph from Chapter 11 on page 371 of
your textbook. ?

• Create a graphic organizer like the one on page
  370 of your textbook.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
111
Introduction
Islamic Civilization
112
The Rise of Islam
113
Islamic Empires
114
Muslim Ways of Life
115
Royal Caliphs
116
The Mystery of Smallpox
117
Focus on Everyday Life
Muslim Carpets and Weavings
Carpets were woven in the Middle East long before
the coming of Islam. They became popular in the
Islamic world because Muslims used them in their
daily worship. Carpets were often made of
sheeps wool or goat hair. Shepherds might knot
them by
hand, or the carpets might be made on
portable looms.
Flowers and geometric shapes
were popular
designs. The carpets used for the
Muslims daily prayers
are called prayer rugs. No
matter where Muslims
live, they pray five times
daily. They kneel
down on their prayer rug and
pray facing
toward Makkah. Prayer rugs are small
and can be
folded and carried from place to place.
Fine carpets of
silk and wool are often hung on the
walls of mosques and
public buildings. They are
considered
fine art.
118
Connecting to the Past
1. What animals were needed to make carpets?
sheep and goats
2. What is the main reason Muslim carpets have
continually been in demand?
Muslims use them in their daily worship.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the answer.
119
Muhammad
c. A.D. 570632
120
Omar Khayyam 10481131 and Ibn Khaldun 13321406
Ibn Khaldun
Omar Khayyam
121
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 111
Chapter 11
122
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 112
Chapter 11
123
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 113
Chapter 11
No. Acceptable answers include the list is too
short or all items begin with the letter A.
124
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