Internet and GIS

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Internet and GIS

• Presented by Indu Hulisandra
• Student ID 336532

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Internet

• Definition The Internet is a global system of
  interconnected computer networks that interchange
  data by packet switching using the standardized
  Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).
• It is a "network of networks" that consists of
  millions of private and public, academic,
  business, and government networks of local to
  global scope that are linked by copper wires,
  fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and
  other technologies.

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Internet

• History-
• A 1946 comic science-fiction story, A Logic Named
  Joe, by Murray Leinster laid out the Internet,
  its strength and weakness.
• The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United
  States to create the Advanced Research Projects
  Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958 to regain
  a technological lead.

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Internet

• After much work, the first two nodes of what
  would become the ARPANET were interconnected
  between UCLA and SRI International in Menlo Park,
  California, on October 29, 1969 .
• The ARPANET was one of the "eve" networks of
  today's Internet.
• The first TCP/IP-based wide-area network was
  operational by January 1, 1983

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Internet

• by late 1994 there was growing public interest in
  the previously academic, technical Internet.
• By 1996 usage of the word Internet had become
  commonplace and the World Wide Web became a
  common name.

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Internet

• Common usage
• E-mail
• The World Wide Web The www is a huge set of
  interlinked documents, images and other
  resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
• Remote Access.
• Collaboration- Eg Instant messaging.
• File sharing.
• Streaming Media.
• VoIP- Voice telephony

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GIS

• Definition A geographic information system
  (GIS), also known as a geographical information
  system, captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and
  presents data that refers to or is linked to
  location.
• GIS applications are tools that allow users to
  create interactive queries (user created
  searches), analyze spatial information, edit
  data, maps, and present the results of all these
  operations.

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GIS

• History
• About 15,500 years ago on the walls of caves near
  Lascaux, France, Cro-Magnon hunters drew pictures
  of the animals they hunted. Associated with the
  animal drawings are track lines and tallies
  thought to depict migration routes.

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GISHistory
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GISHistory

• In 1854, John Snow depicted a cholera outbreak in
  London using points to represent the locations of
  some individual cases, possibly the earliest use
  of the geographic method

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GIS

• The year 1962 saw the development of the world's
  first true operational GIS in Ottawa, Ontario,
  Canada by the federal Department of Forestry and
  Rural Development. Developed by Dr. Roger
  Tomlinson, it was called the "Canada Geographic
  Information System" .
• CGIS was used to store, analyze, and manipulate
  data collected for the Canada Land Inventory
  (CLI)an initiative to determine the land
  capability for rural Canada by mapping
  information about soils, agriculture, recreation,
  wildlife, waterfowl, forestry, and land use at a
  scale of 150,000

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• In 1964, Howard T Fisher formed the Laboratory
  for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis at the
  Harvard Graduate School of Design
• In 1970 'SYMAP', 'GRID', and 'ODYSSEY' the
  seminal code and systems served as the
  inspirational source for the commercial
  development.
• Late 1980s , commercial vendors of GIS software
  emerged.

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Internet and GIS

• Traditional GIS can only serve dedicated users
  with sophisticated software and hardware
  resulting in limited impact to the public.
• The rise of the Internet has created an
  infrastructure ideally suited to the widespread
  distribution and dissemination of geographical
  information
• The Internet technology as a digital
  communication medium enhance the capability of
  GIS data and software application by making them
  more accessible and reachable to wider range of
  users, planners and decision makers.

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Internet GIS

• It is a means for GIS users to exchange GIS data,
  conduct GIS analysis and present GIS output in
  the form of maps.
• The Internet GIS applications provide all or
  almost all functionalities of traditional GIS
  software.
• The client on web can work with GIS data
  interactively on the Web browser without owning
  GIS software on his/her local machine

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Internet GIS

• Client/server concept- A client/server
  application has three components
• 1. a client,
• 2.a server, and
• 3.a network.
• The client sends a request to the server, which
  processes the request and returns the result to
  the client, the client then manipulates the data
  and/or results and presents to the user.

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Internet GIS

• The Internet GIS applications can categorize into
  two major categories
• Server side application
• Client side application

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Internet GIS

• Sever side application
• Web browser is used to generate server requests
  and display the results.
• An Internet GIS server usually combines a
  standard Web server, a GIS application server and
  the GIS databases server
• The user (s) sends the request from web browser,
• web browser transferred the request to a web
  server and web server passes the request to a GIS
  application server.

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• GIS application server runs an address-matching
  routine, generates a map graphic, converts the
  graphic to Web format, wraps the image in HTML
  and sends it back to the Web server,
• which then returns the response to the client as
  a standard Web page.

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• Advantages of Server Side Internet GIS
• Application Development and maintenance is easy.
• Application can be assessed through any Standard
  Web browser.
• All most or all the important functionalities of
  GIS can be performed at server end.
• Handling of large databases is easy with latest
  developments.
• Low bandwidth is sufficient.
• Centralizes administration of data and GIS
  application software.

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Internet GIS

• Client Side Internet GIS
• The client support GIS operations
• A part of application or full application is
  installed in client's machine.

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Internet GIS

• Advantages of Client Side Internet GIS
• A document/graphics standard is not required.
• Image quality is not restricted to particular
  format.
• Not restricted to single-click operations.
• Excellent performance for operations that occur
  locally.
• Less Internet traffic required.
• More users friendly.

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Source- http//gislounge.com/ll/webgis.shtm
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Internet GIS

• Application areas
• Biological resource conservation and management
• Disaster management and mitigation
• Spatial data infrastructure
• Business Process Outsourcing
• Facility and utility management

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EXAMPLES

• http//www.housingmaps.com/

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• Disaster Management Agency

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Examples

• http//www.mapquest.com/

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• http//www.geabios.com/

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• http//www.mapmyindia.com

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bibliography

• http//www.directionsmag.com/article.php?article_i
  d280trv1
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageGeaBiosOpenLasz
  loSatelliteMappingApplication2.PNG
• http//www.bisindia.org/internet-gis.aspx
• http//www.tec.army.mil/gis/
• http//www.mapquest.com
• http//housingmaps.com
• http//wikipedia.org

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• Thank you