Colonial South America

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Colonial South America
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Viceroys

• Supreme military and civil officer
• Person in charge
• Defend the colony
• Local welfare

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Peninsular

• Europeans born in Spain
• Had more connections with Spain.more favors
  granted

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Creoles

• American born Spanish
• Legally equal to peninsulars
• Discriminated against
• Denied jobs

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Mestizo

• Mixed race
• Spanish and native people or African
• Mostly native mothers
• Mixed marriages common
• Did not fit in either society

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Lowest class

• Native people

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Encomienda

• Colonist was given responsibility to protect
  native people. The people then paid for
  protection with service and tribute.
• In West Indies.terrible slavery

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Mita

• Labor

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Repartimiento

• A time each person was to labor each year

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Yanaconas

• Spanish personal servants
• Separated from families
• As many natives were free as the number who were
  yanaconas

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Minjas

• Native people who were forced to work in the
  mines
• Terrible conditions

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Obrajes

• Forced labor in workshops
• Terrible conditions

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Convict labor

• People convicted of a crime worked as a punishment

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Hacienda

• Large estate
• P. 115
• Make a sketch of a hacienda

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Mestizo

• Mixed marriages common
• Mestizo
• Some became more native peons
• Some vagabonds
• Some joined militia
• Some artisans, overseers, shopkeeper
• Some become violent

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Natives

• Some native artisans treated other natives
  terribly

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Kurakas

• Native headmen
• Tried to bridge relations with Spanish
• Later held important posts

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Manumission

• Giving slaves freedom
• Formed communities away from Spanish
• Spanish preferred slaves from far away

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Family

• Males dominated
• Fathers arranged marriages
• After conquest.church large role
• There was premarital sex
• Honorable man married the woman
• Families that did not have the power to force
  marriage .illegitimate sons could not hold
  offices

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Family

• Men could beat (with moderation) women into
  submission
• Property was equal dividedcommunity property
  today
• Elite daughters often entered convent
• Leadership
• Learning
• Free of men

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Causes of Revolution

• Natives and mixed-blood people did not receive
  economic advances
• Illiterate
• Creoles could not hold offices
• Censorship

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Revolutionthe Beginning

• Natives always resisted Spanish rule
• Slowed work
• Delayed tribute
• Misrepresented numbers
• Riots
• Strikes

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Causes of the Revolution

• Enlightenment
• Montesquieu
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Problems in Spain
• American Revolution
• French Revolution

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Toussaint LOuverture

• Led slave revolt in French Haiti
• 1st liberated territory in Latin America

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Problems in Spain

• Charles IV forced to abdicate
• Ferdinand son took over
• Forced to abdicate
• Joseph put on throne.Napoleon brother

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