Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism pages 4265

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Chapter 2 Shaping Nationalism(pages 42-65)
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CHAPTER ISSUETo What Extent do External and
Internal Factors Shape Nationalism? (pg 43)

• Key Terms
• - Collective
• - Consciousness
• - Rhetoric
• What internal and external
• factors lead to the riots that
• occurred in Paris in 2005?

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What are Some Factors That Shape Nationalism?

• French Revolution
• - Absolute Monarch ? Republic
• - It was an example of how a countrys
  nationalism can be shaped by external factors.
  These factors can be historical, social,
  economic, geographic and political.
• Can you think of an example of how each of these
  factors have helped shaped a countrys
  nationalism?

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HISTORICAL FACTORS That Shaped the French
Revolution

• The Storming of the Bastille
• Resulted in a collective consciousness an
  awareness shared by many, that united a country
  and was a defining moment in their history

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SOCIAL FACTORSThat Shaped the French Revolution

• Who should lead?
• - Royal Family or an Elected Leader?
• Who matters in society?
• - Only the 1st Class?
• Who should be included?
• - Should the 3rd Class have a voice?
• How do we handle conflicts and overcome
  obstacles?
• - If the citizens dont have a voice how can
  they negotiate with their leader/government

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More Social Factors

• France was the cultural centre of Europe at the
  time.
• The Bourgeoise (growing middle class was
  educated, curious and ready for change)
• Voltaire jailed for his criticisms of the
  government.

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ECONOMIC FACTORSThat Shaped the French Revolution

• France had been at war for decades and was on the
  verge of bankruptcy (including the 7 Years War
  that gave New France to Britain and was one of
  the costliest defeats)

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ECONOMIC FACTORSThat Shaped the French Revolution

• Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette also had
  very expensive taste.
• He tried to raise taxes but was blocked by the
  aristocrats.
• He then called a meeting of the Estates General

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the Estates General

• Was made up of representatives of three separate
  estates (social classes)
• - The First Estate Clergy
• - The Second Estate Aristocrats
• - The Third Estate Commoners
• each group got one vote so the 3rd Estate was
  always out-numbered.
• The Tennis Court Oath occurred when the 3rd
  Estate declared themselves the National Assembly,
  and a few days later they stormed the Bastille,
  news spread and the revolution began.

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GEOGRAPHIC FACTORSThat Shaped the French
Revolution

• Weather Conditions
• Cold/Snow ? Melting/Flooding ?
• Crop Shortage ? Food Shortage ?
• Starvation ? Riots ? People blamed
• King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette for
• their over spending ? France was
• almost bankrupt.
• Let them eat cake
• - Marie Antoinette

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POLITICAL FACTORS That Shaped the French
Revolution

• 1789 the National Assembly had created the
  Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
  Citizen.
• France was now a secular non-religious
  republic.
• They had a new French Constitution
• Compare Figure 2-9 on pg 52 with Figure 1-12 on
  pg 30.

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POLITICAL FACTORS CONTINUED

• To ensure the steps taken during the Revolution
  would not be reversed, Louis the XVI and Marie
  Antoinette were beheaded.
• Leaders in other countries feared a similar fate
  and the Reign of Terror began (1793-1794),
  crushing any opposition to authority.

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How Have The People Responded to Nationalism?...

• Racism? Citizenship?
• Napoleon Hero or Dictator
• France The Storming of the Bastille (violent)
• The 13 Colonies (U.S.A) - The Boston Tea Party,
  1773 (violent)
• Canada 115 years of debate in Parliament,
  1867-1982 (boring!) ?

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Challenging Canadian Myths

• Who were the founding nations of Canada?
• First Nations and Metis Nationalism the
  Canadian Government had a plan to assimilate
  their populations.
• 1968 Jean Chretien (Indian Affairs Minister)
  and Pierre Trudeau (PM) expressed a vision of
  Canada as a just society, abolishing all treaty
  obligations.
• Harold Cardinal published The Unjust Society
  where he argued that the Aboriginal people had
  settled in Canada long before the French and
  English (the two founding Nations).
• Today we say that there are three founding
  Nations.

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Inuit Perspective

• No treaties with the Federal Government.
• However, federal policies dictated where they had
  to live in order to get federally funded services
  and schools.
• This transformed them from a Nomadic Society to
  permanent residence in a town. The Inuit people
  had trouble adjusting, resulting in social
  problems.
• Since 1975, there have been various land claims
• 1999 Nunavut (our land)
• 30,000 people achieved
• self-government.

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Quebecois Nationalism

• 1759 Battle on the Plains of Abraham The
  French lost the 7 Years War to the British (who
  then took control of New France) and our history
  was changed.
• What events have caused tension between
  Anglophones and Francophones in Canada?
• Is it best to just agree to disagree (like
  Michael Ignatieff pg 63)

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Summary

• Consider the communities/groups to which you feel
  a sense of belonging and loyalty?
• Are you able to list them in a descending order
  of importance? (the most important group first,
  down to the least important group
• If there was ever a dispute between any of these
  groupshow would you choose which group to side
  with?