Chemistry 83

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Chemistry 83

• Chemistry, Technology, and Society

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Society

• In its broadest meaning, refers to all humans
  inhabiting Earth
• Began about 1 million years ago

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Technology

• Manipulation of Nature by humans to better
  satisfy their needs and wants
• Needs pertain to sustaining life breathable air,
  drinkable water, edible food, and effective
  clothing and shelter
• Wants pertain to the quality of life comfort,
  convenience, etc.
• Began about the same time as society

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Society and Technology Developed Together
ReVelle/ReVelle, The Environment, Jones and
Bartlett,1988, p. 55
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Paradigm Shift in Thinking About Nature

• Rationalism - knowledge based on pure thought and
  logical argument - people recognized as authority
  (Plato, Aristotle) - prevailed until 17th century
• Empiricism - knowledge based on observations -
  body of facts recognized as authority - became
  the basis for science in the 17th century

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Science

• Body of knowledge resulting from the efforts of
  humans to organize and logic-ally explain their
  observations about themselves and their
  surroundings
• Science became basis for technologies about 1750
  (the Industrial Revolution) - replaced
  serendipity and invention

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IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY
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IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY
Joesten,Essentials,Saunders, 1993,324
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IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY
Modified from Miller, Chemistry
Principles,Wadsworth,1976, 19
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Miller, Chemistry Principles,Wadsworth,1976, 18
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IMPACT OF SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY
Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science,
McGraw, 2001, 26
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Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science,
McGraw, 2001, 26
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Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science,
McGraw, 2001, 26
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OVERCONSUMPTION IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science,
McGraw, 2001, 27
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IMPACT OF A SCIENTIST ON SOCIETY
Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science,
McGraw, 2001, 19.
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IMPACT OF SOCIETY ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Chemtech, August, 1992,482
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Impact of Technology on Science

• Since 1750, two types of scientific research have
  evolved
• Applied search for solution to a specific
  problem usually associated with technology
• Basic search for knowledge of Nature, but may
  later serve as the basis for technology

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Gertrude Elion

• Basic research chemist at Burroughs Wellcome
  Research Labs in RTP, NC
• Her basic research led to new drugs for carrying
  out organ transplants and treating herpes, gout,
  cancer.
• 1988 recipient of Nobel Prize in Medicine

Hill/Kolb, Chemistry for Changing
Times,7th,Prentice Hall,1995,29
Web site for further details http//www.sciam.com
/explorations/1998/051898women/elion.html
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