Conjugated Linoleic Acids in milk

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Conjugated Linoleic Acids in milk their
applications in human health

• Joe Herbein
• Department of Dairy Science
• Virginia Tech

Southern Dairy Conference Atlanta, GA February
9, 2004
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• CLA in ruminant milk fat
• The missing S
• Chemistry and Geometry
• A better name for the CLA in milk ?
• Would there be CLA without TVA ?
• CLA on the other side of the world
• Dairy products in the news

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• CLA From the rumen to
• dairy products
• and beef

In the popular press CLA conjugated linoleic
acid ( the missing s ) ( CLA is a large family
of linoleic acid isomers )
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• CLA isomers chain of 18 carbons - two
  double bonds
• 18 2
• Position ( location of double bonds in the
  chain of 18 carbons )
• 7 and 9 8 and 10 9 and 11 10
  and 12 11 and 13
• Geometry ( each double bond can have cis or
  trans structure )
• cis - cis
• cis - trans
• trans - cis
• trans trans

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• CLA isomers chain of 18 carbons - two
  double bonds
• 18 2
• Position ( location of double bonds in the
  chain of 18 carbons )
• 7 and 9 8 and 10 9 and 11 10
  and 12 11 and 13
• Geometry ( each double bond can have cis or
  trans structure )
• cis - cis
• cis - trans
• trans - cis
• trans trans

5 pairs of double bond positions x 4 pairs
of double bond structures -------- 20 CLA
isomers
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• Primary CLA isomer in the rumen
• Position ( location of double bonds )
• 9 and 11
• Geometry ( cis or trans structure )
• cis trans
• cis 9, trans 11 182
• Accepted name for this isomer
• Abbreviation

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• Primary CLA isomer in the rumen
• Position
• 9 and 11
• Geometry
• cis trans
• cis 9, trans 11 182
• Accepted name for this isomer Rumenic Acid
• Abbreviation RA

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• RA
• TVA
• TVA ? RA
• delta-9-desaturase
• mammary gland, liver, adipose tissue, etc.

Potent Natural Anti-carcinogenic
Mammary gland Skin Digestive tract
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Fate of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen

• Linoleic Acid ( LA ) cis 9, cis 12 - 182
• Rumenic Acid ( RA )
• cis 9, trans 11 - 182
• Trans-Vaccenic Acid ( TVA ) trans 11
  - 181
• Stearic Acid ( SA ) 180

H
H
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Typical TMR ( Total fatty acids 3.0 of DM
) ( Linoleic acid 1.8 of DM )

• LA
• RA
• TVA
• SA

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Pasture-fed cows

• Linolenic acid
• LA cis 9, cis 12, cis 15 - 183
• RA trans 11, cis 15 - 182
• TVA trans 11 - 181
• SA
• TVA ? RA ( mammary gland )

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Dr. Dorothy VanderJagt Dr. Robert Glew,
University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Minority International Research Training Grant
Fogarty International Center of the National
Institutes of Health
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• Trans-Vaccenic Acid ( TVA ) and Rumenic Acid ( RA
  ) in Milk Fat
• ( of total fatty acids )
• TMR preserved forages grain

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• Trans-Vaccenic Acid ( TVA ) and Rumenic Acid ( RA
  ) in Milk Fat
• ( of total fatty acids )
• TMR preserved forages grain
• P Virginia
• ( pasture grain supplement )

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• Trans-Vaccenic Acid ( TVA ) and Rumenic Acid ( RA
  ) in Milk Fat
• ( of total fatty acids )
• TMR preserved forages grain
• P Virginia
• ( pasture grain supplement )
• P Fulani
• ( pasture only )

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• Trans-Vaccenic Acid ( TVA ) and Rumenic Acid ( RA
  ) in Milk Fat
• ( of total fatty acids )

Human tissues TVA Rumenic Acid
?-9-desaturase
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• CLA in the news
• Synthetic CLA sources contain
• 45 Rumenic Acid
• 45 trans 10, cis 12 CLA ( the famous CLA )
• 10 other CLA isomers
• Trans 10, cis 12 CLA
• Inhibits fat synthesis ( body fat and milk fat )
• Reduction of fat deposition in meat animals
• Anti-obesity agent for humans
• Very, very small amount in milk fat

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Milk fat response to 48-hour abomasal infusion of
Rumenic acid or trans10,cis12 - CLA
RA ( cis 9,trans 11 182 )
trans 10,cis 12 182
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