Unit 2 Colonial California

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Unit 2 Colonial California

• After Columbus reached America, Spain imagined a
  new world under Spanish control.
• Spanish explorers had read a story about an
  island called California, ruled by a beautiful
  queen named Califia.

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Christopher Columbus
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Columbus lands in the Bahamas
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Two of Columbuss Three Ships
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Map of Columbus Voyages
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Queen Califia
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Unit 2 Colonial California

• When explorers finally discovered the land we
  call California, they thought it was an island.
  They named it after the island from the story
  they knew so well.
• Unit 2 spans from the early 1500s to about 1850.
• Between 1500 and 1780, many people believed that
  California was an island.

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California as an island
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Unit 2 Colonial California

• Students will see the arrival of the Spanish and
  the gradual but steady changes that they brought
  to California culture.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Spanish Explorers and Settlers

• The California Indians lived on their land for
  thousands of years.
• Then, all of a sudden, things changed.
• Spanish soldiers and priests came to California.
• With them they brought different religious
  beliefs and a different way of life.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Spanish Explorers and Settlers

• The Spanish also brought terrible destruction to
  Indian peoples.
• 1602 - Sebastian Vizcaino sails along the
  California coast to find a good harbor.
• 1769 - Father Junipero Serra starts the first
  mission at San Diego.

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Sebastian Vizcaino
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Father Junipero Serra
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• During the 1500s, Hernando Cortes was one of
  several Spanish explorers who sailed and marched
  to unknown lands.
• An expedition is a journey planned by a group of
  people for a clear reason.
• Spains main reason for sending expeditions to
  Mexico was to find lands rich with silver, gold,
  or other natural resources.

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Hernando Cortes
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• Cortes found beautiful silver and gold treasures
  in the Aztec cities of Mexico.
• The Spanish government started a colony in Mexico
  and ordered that all the riches found there had
  to be sent to Spain.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• A land controlled by another country is a colony.
• Spain called its new colony New Spain.
• Spanish leaders in New Spain forced the Indians
  to work for them.
• They worked hard for no pay and were cruelly
  treated by the Spaniards.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• Cabrillo Explores the Coast
• Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was ordered by Spain to
  find the Strait of Anian.
• The Strait of Anian was said to connect the
  Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
• While trying to find the Strait of Anian,
  Cabrillo came to San Diego and as far north as
  San Francisco.

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Strait of Anian
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• Cabrillo broke his arm fighting off Indians who
  wanted him and his crew to leave their land.
• Cabrillos arm became infected and he died.
• Cabrillo and his crew were the first Europeans to
  visit the land the Spanish called California.

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Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Early Explorers

• Drake Threatens New Spain
• After 1570, England began to fight with Spain in
  the search to find the Strait of Anian and for
  the treasures Spain had found in Mexico.
• Englands Queen Elizabeth I, sent the sea captain
  Francis Drake to attack Spanish ships and bring
  treasure back to England.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Early Explorers

• In 1579, Drake reached a fine harbor in northern
  California. He claimed the land around it for
  England.
• This voyage threatened Spanish rule in the
  Pacific Ocean.
• The Spanish had learned that they needed good
  harbors and settlements in California to protect
  their colonies from attack.

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Queen Elizabeth I of England
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Sir Francis Drake
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The Golden Hind
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Drake and California Indians
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• About 200 years ago, Spanish soldiers and priests
  began to settle California.
• In 1768, Spain learned that Russia wanted to
  build a colony in the region also.
• Then, Spain acted quickly to settle the land it
  had claimed.

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Fort Ross
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• Don Jose de Galvez, an official from New Spain,
  started an expedition to set up forts and
  missions near the harbors of San Diego and
  Monterey.
• Missions were religious settlements where priests
  from the Catholic Church tried to convert, or
  change the beliefs, of the nearby Indians.

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Jose de Galvez
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• The King of Spain wanted to control the Indians
  who lived in his colonies by making them more
  like Spaniards.
• For 70 years, priests already had been teaching
  Christianity in the missions along the lower
  peninsula of California called Baja.
• A peninsula is a finger of land that has water on
  three sides.

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Baja California
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 3 First European
Settlers

• Galvez hoped that setting up missions and forts
  in the upper region of California, called Alta
  California, would keep Russia and other countries
  from claiming the land.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• Gaspar de Portola was a governor of New Spain. He
  sent three expeditions that would start
  settlements in Alta California, beginning with
  San Diego.
• Portola and Father Serra arrived in San Diego in
  July 1769. Father Serra built a large cross, a
  sign of Christianity. That spot would become the
  first mission . Father Serra named the mission
  San Diego de Alcala.

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Mission San Diego de Alcala
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Gaspar de Portola
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Portola and the San Francisco Bay
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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• The Portola expedition was Spains first attempt
  to start settlements in Alta California to
  prevent England and Russia from starting colonies
  there.
• California was important to the Catholic Church
  because the Church wanted to bring the Christian
  religion to the the Indians.

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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 First European
Settlers

• Juan Bautista de Anza led a new land route to San
  Diego and then on to Monterey.
• 30 families, 695 horses, 355 head of cattle
  joined the expedition.
• The families were offered free land at Monterey.

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Juan Bautista de Anza