Slayt 1

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DEVELOPING A ROADMAP FOR TURKISH MARINE
AQUACULTURE
TCP/TUR 3101 Project
COMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE Working Group on SITING
and CARRYING CAPACITY 21- 23 October 2008
Crete,  Greece
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STATUS OF MARICULTURE IN TURKEY
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General Features

• In 2007 total production from the fisheries was
  772,000 mt
• Aquaculture consisted of 18 - 80,840 (10.5)
  marine and 59,033 (7.5) mt freshwater
• 340 farms, 108,000 mt annual production capacity
• 20 hatchery with annual production capacity of
  220 million fry
• Aquaculture provides 25,000 jobs.

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Trends of Aquaculture Production
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Species Produced
Seabass Seabream Trout Mussel New species 41.900 33.500 2.740 1.100 1.600
Marine 80.840
Freshwater 59,033
GRAND TOTAL 139,873 mt
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Number of Farms
Production systems No. of Farms Capacity (mt/yr)
Cage Farms 236 98,650
Land-based (Ponds) 100 3,122
Rafts/Long-lines 3 1,625
Mobile (ship) 1 4,800
TOTAL 340 108 197
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Farms by Seas
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Distribution of Farms by Provinces
Provinces Number Capacity
Antalya1 8 4,570
Aydin3 15 526
Balikesir2 1 30
Canakkale2 3 656
Edirne2 1 100
Hatay1 1 561
Izmir3 70 20,880
Mersin1 4 600
Mugla3 207 63,593
Ordu4 6 1,160
Rize4 4 750
Trabzon4 3 2.900
1 Mediterranean 2 Sea of Marmara 3 Aegean
Sea 4 Black Sea
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Major Provinces
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Farms by Environmnet
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Farms by Species and Production Capacity
Species Farms ()
Sea bass and Sea bream 89
Trout and Sea bass 2,8
Bass, Bream and New Species 2,5
Tuna 2,2
Trout 1,8
Shellfish (mussel) 0,9
Sea bass 0,6
Mussel and Sea bass 0,3
Production Capacity
50 42
51-100 18
101-250 16
251-500 6
501-1000 11
? 1001 6
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DEVELOPING A ROADMAP FOR TURKISH MARINE
AQUACULTURE SITE SELECTION AND ZONING USUNG THE
ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT
TCP/TUR 3101 PROJECT
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Background

• Pressures from certain media, summer house
  owners, some politicians, tourism sector, NGOs
• Environmental Law was amended to exclude marine
  cages from environmentally sensitive areas,
  enclosed bays and near shore areas on 26 April
  2006.
• Based on amendment in Environmental Law a new
  decree entitled Notification on determination of
  sensitive enclosed bays and gulfs areas where
  fish farms excluded - No 26413 was issued on 24
  January 2007.
• Those fish farms in the sensitive areas should
  evaluate their situation according to criteria
  (see Table) and report the Ministry of
  Environment and Forestry before May 1, 2007.
• Those cage farms cannot meet the criteria (see
  Table) will be closed before May 13, 2007 (this
  date has not been applied due to Supreme Court
  decision).
• Unfortunately amendment in the law and
  Notification issued without proper consultation
  with stakeholders and the definitions in the bill
  are considered somewhat vague.
• In addition duration given farmers to move new
  sites was very short and unrealistic.

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Background

• Parameters and criteria for sensitive areas
  where cage fish farms can not be set

Parameters Criteria
Water depth 30m
Distance from coastline 0.6 mile
Current speed 0.1 m/sec

• Fish farms also cannot be established on natural
  and archaeological areas.

• Assesment of Eurtrophication Risk
  Interpretation of the Trix Index (TI)

TRIX Index (TI) Explanation
TI lt 4 No eutrophication risk
4 TI 6 High eutrophication risk
TI gt 6 Already eutrophic
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Background

• The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
  (MARA) of Turkey asked FAO technical assistance
• FAO technical assistance has been considered key
  to the success of this project, as the
  organization can play its natural role as neutral
  agency with technical capacity in aquaculture as
  well as in the provision of policy guidance and
  stakeholder coordination
• In addition FAO and GFCM are the only
  international organizations which are currently
  collaborating in aquaculture with all countries
  of the Mediterranean.

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Minister for Environment and Forestry
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Measures Taken as Solution

• Identification of new zones and sites (Izmir,
  Mugla, Aydin, Mersin)
• Regulatory studies
• Discussions on implementing strategic EIA
• TUBITAK Project
• FAO-TCP Project (TCP/TUR 3101)

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Mugla Gulluk Gulf
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TCP/TUR 3101 Project

• Main objective to technically assist the
  Government of Turkey in the development of
  firstly a roadmap for sound marine aquaculture
  site selection and secondly a zoning plan for
  marine aquaculture following the
  pan-Mediterranean guidelines for fish farmers.
• Main Partners FAO and MARA (Ministry of
  Agriculture and Rural Affairs)
• Major beneficiaries MARA, MEF (Min. of Env),
  Min. of Culture and Tourism, Yachting clubs, fish
  farmers, local governments, tourism sector,
• Duration December 2007 September 2008),
• Startup meeting 10-11 July 2008, Ankara

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Expected Outputs

• Recommendations to Government for clarifying the
  current situation on siting of marine
  aquaculture.
• Marine aquaculture farmers and governmental
  decision makers trained in the application of
  commonly agreed upon site selection criteria and
  identification of relocation options, using the
  ecosystem approach to aquaculture management.
• A draft pilot zoning plan for one selected
  location prepared.
• Increased awareness and social acceptability of
  other stakeholders active in the coastal marine
  environment on the rightful place of aquaculture
  within coastal area development and management.
• An advocacy brochure on the place of marine
  aquaculture within the coastal environment and
  other leaflets as required in the process.
• A roadmap and project for developing sound
  mariculture siting and management built in a
  multi-stakeholder environment using participatory
  approaches.
• A new project proposal to seek funding as UTF or
  other funding mechanisms prepared.

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Major Activities 1 Startup Meeting(10 -11 July
2008, Ankara)

• Visits and meetings held at
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs the
  Directorate of Agricultural Production and
  Development (GDAPD)
• Ministry of Environment and Forestry the General
  Directorate of Environmental Management and the
  General Director of Environmental Impact
  Assessment and Planning.

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Major Activities 2 1st Stakeholder Workshop (16
-17 July 2008, Izmir)

• It was prepared and conducted and by a FAO team
  (National and international Consultants plus an
  FAO FIMA officer) together with Ministry (MARA)
  personnel
• Attended by 37 participants from 22 national
  ministries, institutions, farmer groups,
  companies and NGOs
• The expected output was developing a draft
  roadmap towards ecosystem approached management
  of Turkish marine aquaculture
• The first part of the activity consisted of 6
  presentations made by the FAO team and the MARA.
  .

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1st Stakeholder Workshop

• A facilitation approach was used and participants
  were divided in groups and were asked to write
  out 2-3 major issues/problems of marine
  aquaculture in Turkey.
• Various issues raised gathered under group
  headings (including environmental impacts, RD,
  education and training, investment and credit,
  farm management, mariculture management and
  coastal zone management).
• The sources of the problems and proposed
  solutions were also asked the groups.
• The final part of the exercise consisted of
  prioritising the solutions and actions and
  placing them in a time frame

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First Workshop, Izmir
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1st Stakeholders Workshop
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Stake Holders Defining The Problems.
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Road Map

• Immediate Action
• Action plan 1 year to 3 years
• Action plan 3 years to 5 years

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Identifying the problems - 1

• Management and Administration
• Coordination gap between Ministries
• Legislative conflicts
• Bureaucracy for permitting
• Need for DG for Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Need long term planning
• Need identifying zones for aquaculture

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Identifying the problems - 2

• Site selection and logisitics
• Need to identify new sites
• Conflict between Ministries
• Insufficient jetties
• Insufficient shore bases

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Other problems

• Poor image of aquaculture
• Lack of market orientated approach
• Need for streamlined Credit and finance
• High sea rental costs
• Lack of vocational training
• Lack of research
• Conflicts with other coastal users

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One conflict area Gerence Bay -Izmir
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Bodrum, Mugla Summer Houses and Cages
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Field study of Gerence Bay-Izmir
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2nd Stakeholder Workshop (10 -11 August 2008,
Mugla)
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Fees

• Yer Fee for per 1000 m2 per year
• Izmir 2100 Euro
• Mugla 800
• Mersin 275
• Antalya 275
• Black Sea 400

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2nd Workshop

• Attended by 62 participants belonging to 5
  national institutions, 16 fish farmer companies,
  6 aquaculture support industries, 3 farmer
  associations.
• Presentations were given by the coordinator,
  international and national consultants.
• Questions arising were answered at the end of
  each session.

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2nd Workshop Presentations

• Benefits to the producers by undertaking EIAs and
  monitoring of the environment,
• Offshore and Open Sea Farming Technology,
• Offshore and Open Sea Farming Ancillary
  equipment,
• Offshore and Open Sea Farming Management,
• Financial requirements Offshore vs Open Sea,
• Minimising Risks,
• New species,
• New technology for Offshore and Open Seas,
• Regulations for aquaculture license, EIA and
  monitoring
• Process for setting up a fish farm,
• Role of the Ministries in regulating aquaculture,
  
• Site selection Criteria,
• Proposed road map for moving offshore

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2nd Workshop Identifying Major Problems and
Potential Solutions

• The participants were asked to identify
  fundamental problems and potential solutions.
  Following the discussions of the first day the
  problems were classified under 3 main categories
• 1. Management and Administration Total 35
• - Coordination gap among Ministries
  (legislation, authority and responsibility
  conflict) 9
• - Legislative chaos (each organization has a
  different legislative implementation related to
  marine aquaculture) 7
• - To steamline the bureaucracy relevant to
  Aquaculture Certification and Licensing
  Requirements 7.
• - To establish a separate General Directorate
  for Fisheries and Aquaculture since authority in
  MARA is divided among the various General
  Directorates in this issue 5.
• - Lack of long-term mariculture development
  plans 3.5.
• - The need to define mariculture zones in the
  coastal zone 3.5.

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.... Identifying Major Problems and Potential
Solutions

• 1. Site Selection and Logistic Support Total 26
• A Site Selection, 15.5
• Defining new potential sites, 7.
• Conflict among the Ministries, 5.
• Fry nursery site located inshore 3.5.
• B Logistic Problem 10.5
• Lack of Jetties.
• Land-based office (multipurpose nets, food
  storage, temporary accommodation, basic fish
  processing).

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.... Identifying Major Problems and Potential
Solutions

• 3. Other Problems Total 39.5.
• - Image promotion, 9.
• - Lack of a market oriented approach in marine
  aquaculture in Turkey, 5.5.
• - Credit and financing, high rental prices,
  assurance 9.
• - Problems related to operations of off-shore
  conditions, 5.5.
• - Lack of well trained technicians, 5.0.
• - Inadequate Research and Development (RD) and
  where there is RD existing the results not
  reaching the producer, 3.5.
• - Conflicts among the users of the coastal zone,
  2.0.

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From old farms to new farms
Old Style Cages
New style
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The Road map

• Strengthening Institutional Organisation
• Contribute to the creation of a General
  Directorate (GD) for Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Capacity building for Ministry Departments at
  provincial level
• Creation of a Special Commission for Mariculture
  Development (SCMD)
• Formation of an Integrated Coastal Management
  Board (ICMB) under the Prime Ministry

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Proposed Institutions
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Planning Mariculture Development

• There is a need for a thorough review of
  mariculture planning and the through integration
  of mariculture into the coastal zone development.
  However, this will require time and funding.
• Review of zoning for mariculture
• Review of the integration of mariculture into
  Coastal Planning
• Data collection of essential parameters for open
  sea site selection
• Expand the strategic aquaculture development
  plan
• Review models that can be used for production
  carrying capacity estimation

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Managing Mariculture Development

• Review aquaculture legislation and regulations
  and role of aquaculture Ministries/Institutions
• Review present institutions responsible for
  mariculture development
• Review and recommend revisions of mariculture
  regulations and legislations
• Review regulations on Environmental Issues
• Review EIAs for mariculture
• Review regulations on monitoring
• Review of decision making process for mariculture
  development
• Review of permit procedures and requirements for
  transportation and exportation
• Review of leasing and permitting procedures
• Review animal welfare issues

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Support for Mariculture Development

• PR to encourage fish consumption and enhance the
  image of mariculture
• Credit and finance guidelines
• Insurance Guidelines
• Training needs assessment, draft training
  curriculum and identify Faculties and Institutes
• Research needs assessment
• Improved technology transfer, and access to
  global information and technology in mariculture
• Establish an aquaculture extension service
• Additional Fish Health Laboratories
• Establishment of Quarantine facilities
• Promotion and Marketing services

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Aquaculture Zoning Plan for Izmir

• Output A draft pilot zoning plan for one
  selected location which will be included short,
  medium and long term options for present and
  future marine aquaculture enterprise in support
  of a sustainable sector development.
• Moving cage farms offshore According to
  Aquaculture Regulation following requirements
  should be met in site
• Space/area should be large enough for rotation
  and should not be less than twice of the actual
  area occupied by cages.
• Distance between tuna cage farms, and tuna and
  other fish farms can not be less than 2 km, and
  less than 1 km between other fish farms.
• Minimum annual production capacities of farms are
  set as a cage farm is 250 mt/y.
• On offshore, open coast and outside the enclosed
  bays and gulfs cage sites should have minimum 40
  m water depth. However, Aquaculture Department
  may allocate sites for cage farming less than 40
  m taking into account capacity of farm, water
  depth, current speed and intended production
  system/technology.

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Gerence Bay - Izmir
Production capacity There are 14 farms planned
for Gerence Bay with a total capacity of 4,900
tonnes. Of the 14 farms planned only 4 have
approved EIAs at the present time.
Planned cage farms in Gerence Bay
Before moving cages
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Example of Potential Zoning of Aquaculture in
Gerence and Ildir Bays
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Identification of new aquaculture zones based on
absence of conflicts
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There needs to be data collection for these new
areas and they need to be re- assessed on the
basis of the site selection criteria
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There should be a review of the needs for
logistic support for offshore farms
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Mugla Zoning Problem Solved?
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PR Advocacy Brochure
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PR Advocacy Brochure
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Project Proposal

• Output 1 Coastal zone planning for mariculture
  development
• Review of new zones as to their suitability for
  aquaculture
• Identify potential new areas for open sea
  aquaculture
• Output 2 Mariculture production carrying
  capacity
• Review models for estimating carrying capacity
• Estimate finfish carrying capacity in two
  aquaculture zones
• Output 3 Aquaculture regulatory framework
• Review of current legislation and identify
  conflict issues among the Ministries and
  Institutes
• Review scope and data collection for mariculture
  EIA
• Review monitoring requirements for assessing
  mariculture impact
• Output 4 Support for mariculture development
• Research needs assessment and prioritisation
• Training needs assessment and prioritisation

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Project Proposal

• Beneficiaries
• The direct targeted beneficiaries in the project
  are MARA, MEF, fish farmers and mariculture
  sector as whole.
• In addition companies providing service, system
  and equipment, tourism sector and local fishermen
  will also benefit.
• Duration 30-36, starting from 2009
• Budget 2-3 million USD

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The project team Enjoying their dinner
Thank You for Your Attention