Reducing Pilot Deviations

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Reducing Pilot Deviations
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Agenda

• Introduction
• Why are we here
• Review of Data
• Review of Videos
• Review of Action Items
• Break Out Sessions

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News Report Call to Action
Click Space Above for Video
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ICAO Definition Runway Incursion

• Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the
  incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or
  person on the protected area of a surface
  designated for the landing and take-off of
  aircraft.
• Note Protected area of a surface Any area
  inside the hold line(s) to include that area
  between taxiways and if there is more than one
  hold line, we would consider the one furthest
  from the runway that applies to current
  operations to encompasses the protected area.

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Types of Runway Incursions

• The FAA investigates runway incursions and
  attributes the occurrence to one or
  more of the following error types

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Runway Incursion Reduction Requires Partnership
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RIs year to date by Region FY 2008 versus
equivalent period FY 2007 (YTD)
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SINCE THE CALL TO ACTION
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SINCE THE CALL TO ACTION
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Runway Incursion Challenge

• 62 million landings and takeoffs last year
• 1,800 runway crossings per day!
• Human error is a certainty
• Technology has limitations
• Causes Consequences are global in nature

Source FAA Runway Safety Fact Sheet
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Recent Pilot Deviations

• October 2007 at Chicago a 121 carrier was
  instructed to turn off the runway prior to
  crossing an intersecting active runway. The
  aircraft did not turn as instructed but instead
  exited onto the active intersecting runway.
• November 2007 at Los Angeles a 121 carrier landed
  on the wrong runway as he failed to intercept the
  correct localizer after receiving and accepting a
  new runway assignment.

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Recent Pilot Deviations

• December 2007 at Newark, a 121 carrier crossed an
  active runway in front of another 121 carrier
  landing that runway. The aircraft had previously
  acknowledged and read back instructions to hold
  short of that runway. As the aircraft crossed
  the runway, the arriving aircraft passed overhead
  by an estimated 100 feet.

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Recent Pilot Deviations

• January 2008 at Kennedy, a 121 carrier failed to
  hold short of the active departure runway and
  crossed in front of another 121 carrier cleared
  for takeoff on that runway.
• January 2008 a 121 air carrier crossed an active
  runway at Atlanta in front of another 121
  departing aircraft despite having acknowledged
  and read back hold short instructions twice.

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Atlanta International Airport-January 2008
Click Space Above for Video
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Theodore Francis Green State Airport, Providence,
Rhode Island.
Click Space Above for Video
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Theodore Francis Green State Airport, Providence,
Rhode Island
Click Space Above for Video
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Chicago OHare International Airport
Click Space Above for Video
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Denver International Airport
Click Space Above for Video
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Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport
Click Space Above for Video
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Boston, Massachusetts
Click Space Above for Video
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Call to Action on Runway SafetyBackground
Information

• On August 15, 2007 the Administrator issued a
  call to action to the industry to re-energize
  and re-focus on the issue of runway safety.
• Participants included all sectors of the aviation
  industry
• Airframe and Avionics Manufacturers,
• Operators,
• Airports,
• Labor and FAA's air traffic and aviation safety
  personnel.
• The group committed to a list of five short-term
  actions that could be accomplished within the
  next 60 days to help improve runway safety.

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Air Carrier short-term actions

• Improve pilot training by including particular
  focus on airport surface operations. Within 60
  days each airline was to begin to provide
  simulator or other pilot training to incorporate
  realistic scenarios from pushback through taxi
  phases of flight.

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Air Carrier short-term actions

• Review cockpit procedures to identify elements
  that may contribute to pilot distraction during
  taxi and develop a plan to eliminate those
  elements.
• Enhance training for non-pilot employees who move
  aircraft at airports.

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Review of Action Items

• Has everyone developed the scenario based
  training? If so, how many crew members have
  received it? What steps can be taken to
  speed-up the implementation or to reach crews
  immediately who wont be back for refresher
  training for a while?

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Review of Action Items

• We committed to review cockpit procedures to
  eliminate distraction. Has everyone completed
  the review of their procedures? Have
  distractions been identified? Is there a plan
  for eliminating these distractions? Is the plan
  being executed? Can we speed up this effort?

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Common Air Traffic Control Errors resulting in an
Operation Error

• Forget (about a closed runway, a clearance that
  they issued, an aircraft waiting for take off or
  cleared to land)
• Prospective memory Remembering to do
  something later is the weakest function of human
  memory
• Distractions, interruptions Number one enemy of
  memory

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Common Pilot Errors resulting in a Pilot Deviation

• Read back the air traffic instruction (for
  example, to hold short) correctly and then do
  something else
• Most common reason for the error is that pilots
  lose track of where they are (misidentifying
  their location)
• Most common factor cited for losing track of
  location is that one pilot is heads down
  programming FMC or conducting checklists

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Safety Culture

• A Safety Culture includes
• Personal dedication and accountability
• Individual attitudes and behaviors
• Shared vision with structures to attain it
• Organizational processes, methods and metrics
• Commitment to improve (resist complacency)
• Beyond simple adherence to procedures
• Learning and continuous improvement
• Pervasive safety thinking
• Commitment to excellence
• Integration of safety into all activities
• Climate in which news is quickly and easily
  communicated
• Committed to investing the time and resources to
  address risk

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Outreach to Pilots

• The FAA released a new booklet titled- Runway
  Safety A Pilot's Guide to Safe Surface
  Operations Booklet
• In collaboration with the industry, the FAA
  created two online courses that educate pilots on
  runway safety. One is tailored for commercial
  aviation, the other for general aviation.
• Every year, the FAA conducts hundreds of safety
  seminars across the country to encourage safe
  practices on the airfield.

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Outreach to Pilots

• A Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) is an
  information tool that alerts, educates, and makes
  recommendations to the aviation community.
• An Information for Operators (InFO) message
  contains valuable information for operators that
  should help them meet administrative requirements
  or certain regulatory requirements with
  relatively low urgency or impact on safety.

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Outreach to Pilots

• FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors now verify that
  pilots have current surface movement charts
  (airport diagrams) available and that they are in
  use.
• FAA Runway Safety Information for Pilots

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Runway Incursion Information Evaluation Program
(RIIEP)

• What is RIIEP?
• Who can participate?
• Benefits
• Process
• ASAP

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Whats Next

• Breakout sessions
• Each group should come up with 5 initiatives on
  how to deal with best practices
• Review of Ground Taxi CBT
• Show Hand Out (Click Here)
• AFS will send audience a consolidated list of
  recommendations within 30 days.
• Every domicile will be visited by your Chief
  Pilot POI within the next 30 days.

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Questions