COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

• By Susan Sienkiewicz

2
AP Contributing Factors to Incidence of
Pediatric Infectious Diseases

• Immature immune system
• ? in maternally-acquired Abs
• ? ability to communicate

3
Risk Factors During Infancy

• vertical transmission (herpes, rubella, HIV)
• ? risk of staph, e.coli infections
• hand-to-mouth/object-to-mouth behavior
• ? susceptibility to resp enteral viruses

4
Risk Factors for Toddlers Preschoolers

• toilet training
• day care
• contact with animals
• exposure to saliva
• scratches/bites
• hand-to-mouth behavior persists

5
Risk Factors for School-Aged Children

• schools breeding grounds for infection
• sharing items (food, toys, etc)
• ? incidence of mycoplasma pneumonia
• ? incidence of 5th Disease

6
Risk Factors for Adolescents

• ? continuity of health care
• sexual activity
• risk behaviors

7
Routine Immunization Schedule
8
Vaccine Administration Guidelines

• 1/2 to 1 needle
• vastus lateralis - infants
• gluteals - ? 3 y.o.
• deltoid - older children
• air lock
• 2 injections _at_ same time
• accurate documentation
• proper storage handling
• report adverse effects

9
Secondary Prevention

• Handwashing/Universal Precautions
• Teach infection control
• HW
• cover sneeze/cough
• dispose of tissues
• avoid sharing drinks, food, utensils
• Appropriate isolation of hospitalized children

10
Tertiary Prevention

• infection control measures
• skin care
• antivirals
• monitor blood counts with 5th Dz
• teach compliance with med regime

11
Reportable Events Following Immunization

• anaphylaxis
• seizure
• encephalitis, encephalopathy
• death

12
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act

• Every child must have immuniz record
• Appropriate documentation
• mo/day/yr
• mfr
• lot , exp date
• site, route
• written consent for
• injured may seek compensation

13
Reportable Diseases in RI

• Dz spread by insects/animals
• Dz preventable by vaccine
• STDs
• Dz spread through emerging pathogens
• VRE, E. coli

14
Responsibility of School/Day Care Personnel

• Policies/Protocol
• children with illness
• food handling
• Frequent HW
• Education
• HW
• illness prevention
• mgmt of outbreaks

15
Assessment Data

• Rash
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Resp symptoms

16
Fever Treatment

• Tepid sponge bath
• acetaminophen (15 mg/kg)
• ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) for temp gt 102
• age-approp fluid intake
• ? activity

17
Pain Pruritis Management

• Antihistamines/antipruritics
• Benadryl, Atarax
• analgesics
• oatmeal bath
• calamine lotion
• short nails, mittens
• sore throat lozenges, saline rinses, cool
  foods/fluids

18
Skin Care

• No sun
• Loose clothing
• short nails, mittens
• oatmeal bath
• lotion

19
Infection Control/Protection

• Cover nose/mouth
• HW
• Discard tissues
• Avoid sharing utensils/food/towels etc.

20
Teaching

• Infection control
• hw, prevent dz transmission
• Immunization
• schedule/adherence
• adverse effects
• Illness info
• duration, communicability, transmission,
  treatment, complications

21
Positive Outcomes!

• Normothermia
• Pt reports comfort
• Intact skin
• Absence of secondary infection
• Parents report
• inf cntrl measures,
• immun sched
• illness-specific info