Semmelweis University Library webpage

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Semmelweis University Library webpage

• http//www. lib.sote.hu

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MEDLINE

• Medline - database
• produced by US National Library of Medicine
• PubMed -http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f
  cgi?DBpubmed
• OVID MEDLINE
• Chosen vendor - Ovid Technologies, Inc.

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Aim and Objectives

• Aim
• To ensure you are searching Medline effectively
• Objectives
• Understand what Medline can offer
• Use Medline for conducting
• A text word search
• A MeSH or thesaurus search
• Save / mail results and save searches

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Medline - Some Facts Figures

• The database
• Subject content includes basic research
  clinical sciences
• Contains more than 14 million records
• Indexes over 4,600 biomedical journals from about
  70 countries
• Has abstracts for about 75 of the records
• Is searchable back to 1966 (1951 if you search
  Ovid OLDMEDLINE too)
• Is updated weekly
• Remember
• There is a US bias
• Use in conjunction with Ovid MEDLINE In-Process
  Other Non-Indexed Citations to access the most
  current articles

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Medline - Basic Search Operators

• Search operators
• and, or, not - see separate Search Strategy
  slides for full explanation
• Parentheses
• Use these to construct sophisticated search
  expressions
• The or operation in brackets is performed
  before the and operation
• Wildcards , ? are useful in text word
  searches
• Tip ? Often useful with American spelling - e.g.
  ioni?ation will find both ionisation and
  ionization
• Pollut - will give you pollute, polluter,
  polluting, pollutant, pollutants, pollution etc.

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Medline - Textword Searching

• Text word searching
• Searching brain disease will find exactly that
  (but only in certain areas of the record, notably
  the title and the abstract if there is one) It
  wont find brain diseases, diseased brain,
  stroke, dementia etc
• Remember to use UK / US spelling and terminology,
  singular and plural forms, different tenses and
  as many synonyms as you can
• Be prepared for false hits - e.g. using the term
  aged to retrieve articles on the elderly will
  also find ones on children aged seven
• Use a dollar sign to truncate, e.g. cigar would
  retrieve cigar, cigarette, cigarettes - plus any
  other words that might begin with that stem. So
  use with caution, searching for cat or cats by
  entering cat could give you catatonia

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Medline - MeSH Searching

• A MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) or thesaurus
  search
• The indexer reads the entire article (not just
  the abstract) and assigns headings from this
  thesaurus to describe its contents
• This means two important things
• - Synonyms come under one preferred heading
  (e.g. breast
  
  neoplasms will
  retrieve articles on breast or mammary cancers,
  tumour, tumor, carcinoma etc. )
  
• - You have the option to explode your term.
  In this way, by exploding Brain Diseases you
  will also retrieve all the narrower terms (i.e.
  specific diseases) such as cerebral infarction,
  brain neoplasms, cerebral ischaemia etc.

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A Typical Medline Record

• Authors
• Greenberg ML. Earl MJ. Bilous AM. Ekberg H.
  Milliken J. Pacey NF.
• Title
• Estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay on
  cytologic material from primary and metastatic
  breast cancer.
• Source
• Pathology. 21(2)93-9, 1989 Apr.
• MeSH Subject Headings (Simplified)
• Breast Neoplasms, Male Carcinoma, Ductal,
  Breast Phyllodes Tumor
• Abstract
• The determination of estrogen receptor (ER)
  status in primary and metastatic breast tumours
  has been facilitated by the recent advent of
  monoclonal antibodies to ER.

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How Both Searches Work

• Look at the previous slide of a typical Medline
  record and decide if a text word search for the
  word dog would find that article -
• remembering
• - A MeSH search looks at the Medical
  Subject Headings field
• - A text word search looks at the title and
  abstract fields - and only
• finds an exact match for the word(s) you
  enter
• The answer is No, because a text word search
  would find no mention of the word dog in the
  title or abstract.
• A MeSH search using the term dog would
  retrieve this article and any others where the
  word dog may not appear at all - but the
  indexer, seeing words like canine or beagle
  or dalmation etc will index them under the
  preferred MeSH term Dogs

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When to use the Text Word Option

• If MeSH is so good, why use the text word option?
• If the topic is a new one there is unlikely to be
  a MeSH term
• Sometimes the MeSH term is too broad to be useful
• Sometimes the appropriate MeSH term will elude
  you. In this case do a text word search,
  searching the title field only. Select the most
  relevant references and include Subject
  Headings in the fields to be displayed. Look at
  the MeSH terms that were used to index these
  papers and then use those in your search
• Indexers are only human. Overcome possible
  omissions by using a combination of both MeSH and
  text word searches within your strategy - this
  will often yield the most comprehensive results

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Performing A Text Word Search -1
Click on More Fields icon
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Performing A Text Word Search - 2
Enter your search term, remember to use for
truncation
Scroll down.
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Performing A Text Word Search - 3
Select Text Word.
.and Click on Perform Search
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Use this button to shrink or expand the number of
sets on display
Performing A Text Word Search - 5
tortoise synonyms
Combine your search terms here. Remember to use
brackets when using more than one type of
operator within a search statement
Tip See essential tips 3 slide for a quicker
method of text word searching
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Performing A MeSH Search - 1
Enter your search term here
Ensure the Map Term to Subject Heading box is
ticked
Click on Search
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Performing A MeSH Search - 2
Tip Your term mapped to this single Subject
Heading. Sometimes there will be several
possibilities listed, when this is the case never
tick more than one. Jot down useful ones and
search them, one at a time, later
Click on the i button
Tip Never use this option. Superficially it
offers a combined MeSH/Text word search, but its
a MeSH search without explosion, focus, or
subheading features and a textword search without
the truncation option. Do your own text word and
MeSH searches, and use or to combine them
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Performing A MeSH Search - 3
Click on Previous Page to.
Tip Good idea to check the definition
Tip Information aimed at indexers, but watch out
for information on year of entry. Eg. Sars virus
became a MeSH term in 2003, but it was being
written about before then. A text word search is
needed to find these earlier papers
Tip Hugely helpful - additional useful terms are
being suggested, jot these down to use later.
Neither of these terms is covered by our term
blood pressure
Tip Good idea to check whats included
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Performing A MeSH Search - 4
.return to the Mapping Display page.
Tip note the internal icon was used to do this,
not the browsers back button This helps
ensure you are not timed out
Then click on the Subject Heading, this takes you
to.
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Performing A MeSH Search - 5
.The Tree display page
Tip Focus - dont select Focus at this stage.
(Focus will limit your search to those papers
where your subject heading is considered the
major topic or focus of the article)
Select Explode if you wish to retrieve
citations using your term, plus all of its more
specific terms
Scroll down
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Medline - Basic Search Operators

• Search operators
• and, or, not - see separate Search Strategy
  slides for full explanation
• Parentheses
• Use these to construct sophisticated search
  expressions
• The or operation in brackets is performed
  before the and operation
• Wildcards , ? are useful in text word
  searches
• Tip ? Often useful with American spelling - e.g.
  ioni?ation will find both ionisation and
  ionization
• Pollut - will give you pollute, polluter,
  polluting, pollutant, pollutants, pollution etc.

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PubMed MEDLINE
Enter PubMed by double-clicking in the scroll-box
on the library home page.
Type search terms into box on the main
page. Tutorial. Save searches in My NCBI
cubby.
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PubMed MEDLINEPreliminary Results
Large number of hits. Click on Details to show
how PubMed translated the search. (You can
modify the search by typing in the text box.)
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PubMed MEDLINERefining Results
Click on Limits to filter the search.
Limits added in this search - Clinical
Trials - Adults over 19 years - Human subjects -
Indexed in the last 2 years.
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PubMed MEDLINEFinal Results
Number of hits is a manageable 39. (down from
previous 1220 and 240,165)
Details has been updated.
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PubMed MEDLINEGetting the articles
Select Abstract view.
Click on FSU icon to link to full text of the
article.
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OVID
Enter OVID by double-clicking in the scroll-box
on the library home page.
Ovid times out after 15 minutes of inactivity and
you may see this page if this happens. No
ID/password is needed. Click on the Start
Ovid button to start a new session. You will
have to start your search over.
Select a database.