IndustrialOrganizational Psychology

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Industrial/Organizational Psychology

• Christine Nivens MA, LPC
• Office K239 Thursday 500 630 PM
• [phone] Faculty Office Phone
• [phone] Cell Phone
• cnivens_at_ccccd.edu

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Chapter 1 An Introduction into I/O Psychology

• Definition of I/O Psychology
• Three major specialty areas of I/O psychology and
  their focal points
• Contributions of the following people
• Walter Dill Scott
• Hugo Munsterberg
• Walter Bingham
• Frederick Taylor (early 1900s)
• Robert Yerkes (World War I)
• Hawthorne Studies (1920s)
• James Cattell, Lillian Gilbreth, and Marion Bills
  (1930s)
• World War II
• 1960s 1980s
• Current trends in I/O psychology
• Seven critical forces likely to affect the future
  of I/O psychology
• Requirements for becoming and I/O psychologist

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Chapter 1 Definition of I/O Psychology

• Definition of I/O Psychology
• Psychology is the scientific of behavior and
  mental processes.
• Industrial/Organizational Psychology refers to
  the application of psychological theory and
  methodology to the problems of organizations and
  the problems of groups and individuals in
  organizational settings.
• These psychologists work in background
• Employment tests, career training, design of job
  tasks, preparation for retirement
• They must used systematic and exacting research
  methods

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Chapter 1 Three major specialty areas

• Personnel Psychology
• Deals with employee recruitment and selection,
  training and development, performance appraisals,
  and job analysis
• Often work in Human Resources
• Organizational Psychology
• Focus is on group influences on individual
  employees
• Deal with the structure of organization,
  communication patterns, effects of diversity,
  etc.
• Human Factors or Engineering Psychology
• Deals with interaction between people and
  machines
• Equipment design and safety programs

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• Wilhelm Wundt 1879 in Germany developed the
  first psychological laboratory
• Began in US in 1892 with the founding of the
  American Psychological Association (APA)
• Cited as founders of I/O psychology
• Walter Dill Scott 1901 application of
  psychological principals to advertising, notion
  of incentive pay to motivate employees, and
  concern with employees attitude
• Hugo Munsterberg studied under Wundt and
  received a doctorate he was a proponent of
  selection testing and development of the first
  lie detector or polygraph
• Walter V. Bingham started the Division of Applied
  Psychology, the first academic program in I/O
  psychology and was responsible for his emphasis
  on basic research in the early days
• Frederic W. Taylor was an engineer who believed
  that scientific principles could be applied to
  redesign the work environment leading to greater
  productivity, benefits to the organization, and
  eventually leading to higher wages for employees
• Efficiency Experts
• Scientific Management - 1911

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Chapter 1 Fundamental Principles of Taylors
Scientific Management Theory

• Work methods can be scientifically designed for
  efficiency, which results in the One Best
  Method for doing a job
• The best workers should be selected and trained
  in the new One Best Method
• There should be a spirit of cooperation between
  management and workers
• Managers and workers must share responsibility
  for the design and conduct of work
• Motivation results from monetary gain

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• World War I April 6th 1917
• Problem of classifying millions of recruits
• Robert M. Yerkes 1916 reviewed hundreds of
  intelligence tests
• Tests used to identify Officer Material
• Army Alpha Test
• gt 25 of recruits were illiterate
• Army Beta Test
• Used to test if recruits were illiterate
• Rating men in the Army by Walter Dill Scott and
  Walter Bingham
• After the War vocational tests were developed
  to increase efficiency and workers well-being
• James Cattell consulting services for fee
• Women held the majority of positions applied
  psychology in the early years
• Marion Bills was known for wage incentive and job
  classification System and a job evaluation system
• Lillian Gilbreth was known for her time and
  motion studies

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• Hawthorne Studies Elton Mayo (late 1920s)
• First I/O research study to focus on
  understanding employees
• Consider employees attitudes, group norms, and
  leadership styles
• Began Human Relations Movement
• World War II
• Developments in testing, training, and
  performance appraisal
• Advances in equipment design
• Government Regulations

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• Current Concerns
• Legal and Social issues such as court rulings,
  safety standards, and fair employment
• Employee recruitment and retention, along with
  the study of future HR needs
• Analysis of training needs and evaluation of
  training programs
• Organizational culture
• Fitness, health, and stress
• Effect of new technology
• Future needs of and challenges faced by
  organizations
• Internationalization and increasing diversity of
  the workplace

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• Seven Critical Forces
• Increasing diversity in the workforce
• Reintegration of home life and work life
• Globalization multinational organizations and
  customer
• Expanding human resource planning
• The shift from manufactured base to knowledge
  based workforce
• Rising employee expectations and the need to
  balance the costs and demands of those
  expectations
• A renewal of corporate social responsibility

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Chapter 1 Development of I/O Psychology

• Careers in Industrial/Organizational Psychology
• What are they??
• Education and Training Requirements
• Minimum Educational Requirement is usually a
  masters degree but varies by state and passing
  of a licensing test
• I/O psychology has reacted to and been driven by
  the needs of society from its beginning leading
  to increasing job opportunities
• I/O psychology is concerned with more than
  efficiency and productivity. Employee health,
  stress reduction, and the quality of work life
  are becoming increasingly important