Behavioral Techniques

1
Behavioral Techniques

• Learning is at the basis of pathology
• Therapy should modify maladaptive behaviors
• Focus on present environmental conditions and
  cognitive factors maintaining behaviors

2
Behavioral Techniques

• Systematic Desensitization
• Joseph Wolpe
• Reciprocal inhibition
• Imaginal desensitization vs in vivo
  desensitization
• Desensitization hierarchy
• Progressive relaxation training

3
Behavioral Techniques

• Thought stopping
• Time for mastery
• Imagine the thought
• Thought interrruption
• Unaided thought interruption
• Thought substitution

4
Behavioral Techniques

• Exposure therapies
• Flooding
• Social Skills Training
• Assertiveness training
• Goals
• Teach clients how to express themselves
  appropriately
• Eliminate cognitive obstacles to self-expression

5
Behavioral Techniques

• Modeling
• Aversion therapy
• Contingency management
• Shaping
• Time out
• Contracting
• Token economies

6
Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques

• Aaron Beck
• Strategies to identify and correct errors in
  logic
• Recognize link between cognitions, emotions and
  behavior
• Monitor cognitive errors
• Evaluate evidence for cognitive errors
• Replace cognitive errors with more realistic
  cognitions
• Homework

7
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques

• Beck CBT
• requires therapeutic alliance
• emphasizes collaboration active participation
• Is goal-oriented and problem-focused
• Emphasizes the present

8
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques

• What is conceptualized?
• Pts diagnosis
• What are current problems?
• How did they develop
• How are they maintained
• What dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs are
  associated with the problems

9
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques
Core Beliefs
Intermediate beliefs
Automatic Beliefs
10
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques
Core Belief
Intermediate Belief
Situation Automatic thought Emotion
11
Cognitive Distortions

• All-or-nothing thinking
• You see things in black and white categories
• For example If your performance falls short of
  perfect, you see yourself as a total failure
• Overgeneralization
• You see a single negative event as a never-ending
  pattern of defeat

12
Cognitive Distortions

• Mental Filter
• You pick out a single negative detail and dwell
  on it exclusively so that your vision of all
  reality becomes darkened
• drop of ink that discolors the entire beaker of
  water
• Disqualifying the positive
• You reject positive experiences by insisting that
  they dont count for some reason or another
• Allows you to maintain a negative belief that is
  contradicted by your everyday experience

13
Cognitive Distortions

• Jumping to conclusions
• Make a negative interpretation even though there
  are no definite facts that convincingly support
  your conclusions
• Mind reading
• Arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting
  negative to you and you dont bother to check
  this out
• Fortune teller error
• Anticipation that things will turn out badly, and
  you feel convinced that prediction is an
  already-established fact

14
Cognitive Distortions

• Catastrophizing (Magnification)
• Exaggerate the importance of things
• Minimization
• Reduce things until they appear tiny
• Emotional Reasoning
• Assumption that emotions reflect reality

15
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy

• Albert Ellis
• Based on assumption that cognitions, emotions,
  and behaviors interact and have a
  cause-and-effect relationship
• Emotions stem mainly from our beliefs,
  evaluations, interpretations to life situations
• Therapy equips pt with skills to identify and
  dispute irratinoal beliefs that have been acquired

16
REBT

• Examples of irrational beliefs
• I must have love or approval from all
  significant people in my life.
• I must perform important tasks competently and
  perfectly well
• Because I strongly desire that people treat me
  considerately and fairly, they absolutely must do
  so.

17
REBT

• A-B-C Theory

A (Activating Event)
B (Belief)
C (Consequence)
D (Disputing intervention
E (Effect)
F (New Feeling)