United Nations

1
United Nations

• October 24, 1945
• 51 countries got together to create UN
• To prevent third world war
• To reaffirm faith in human rights
• Develop friendly relations among nations
• Cooperate in solving international problems
• Maintain international peace and security

2
The kind of environment in which these principles
can flourish is (UN Charter)

• Free exchange of ideas among nations
• Ensure prevention of human rights violation
• Free flow of information
• Exchange of experts
• Equal voices for all nations
• One nation one voice
• When UN becomes a center for harmonizing the
  actions of nations.

3
The UN

• Is not a world government, they cannot force any
  country to abide by them
• However, UNs suggestions are an important
  indicator of world opinion.

4
Six main bodies of the UN

• The General assembly (all member nations)
• General world issues
• The Security council (fifteen members)
• International peace and security
• Economic and social council
• World economic and social issues
• Encourages international assistance for
  development
• Trusteeship Council
• Management of trust territories that are put
  under the UN control
• International court of justice
• Decision maker between countries
• The Secretariat
• Peace keeping operations

5

• UNICEF
• United Nations International Childrens Education
  Fund
• UNESCO
• United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural
  Organization
• WHO
• World Health Organization
• FAO
• Food and Agricultural Organization

6
UNICEF

• UNICEF? What is it about?
• Dedicated towards children.
• Main objective is to protect children by
  providing services and supplies and by helping
  shape policy agendas and budgets in the best
  interests of children.
• UNICEF encourages individual nations to act in
  the best interests of the children of their
  country and also aids in establishing laws.

7
UNESCO

• Believes that education, social and natural
  science, culture and communication are "the means
  to build peace in the minds of men."
• Foundation respect for commonly shared values
  and the dignity of each civilization and culture
• Mainly aims to promote peace and security in the
  world by encouraging collaboration among nations
  through education, science, culture, and
  communication
• Functions to disseminate and share information
  and knowledge
• Many publications, translations of novels, often
  times some documentaries and movies are sponsored
  by UNESCO.
• UNESCO allows free flow of information but also
  provides conditions and stipulations, e.g.
  requiring permission before broadcasting
  something in a nation.

8
UNESCO-(UK-US dilemma)

• Foreign programming in most of the countries is
  from the US and UK.
• In Late 1970s, and early 1980s, after
  considerable debate UNESCO, ruled free flow of
  information, should not imply British and
  American dominance.
• The pressure was from Second and third world
  nations, who comprised a majority in the UN, to
  allow host countries to choose what programming
  (broadcast and print) they wanted.
• The United States withdrew from their membership
  out of UNESCO because they believed this
  resolution favored centralized government
  control of mass communication
• Which in USs view went against its beliefs
  regarding freedom of the press.
• The US joined UNESCO in 2002.

9
UNCTAD

• Focuses also on economics, technology,
  investment, and sustainable development.
• Trade and development seeks to maximize the
  trade, investment and development opportunities
  of developing countries and assist them in their
  efforts to integrate into the world economy on an
  equitable basis.
• UNCTAD is crucial today with the growing presence
  of TNCs in the developing world.

10
ILO

• International Labor organization
• seeks to promote fundamental rights for workers,
• create greater opportunities for both men and
  women to secure employment and sufficient income
  for their families,
• Works in establishing laws for workers, unites
  the workers, and works towards better working
  conditions (factory rules and regulations etc.,
  minimum wage, etc.)