Chapter ThreeThe Constitution

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Chapter ThreeThe Constitution

• Section One--The Road to the Constitution

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Why was a new framework of government necessary?

• The Articles of Confederation was causing too
  many problems
• Nation in extreme debt
• Congress could not tax
• Congress could not enforce laws
• States taxed excessively
• Trade between states and other nations was nearly
  impossible to accomplish

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What kind of people were involved in writing the
Constitution?

• White males
• Educated
• Wealthier
• Experience working in government
• Military heroes
• ExamplesGeorge Washington, James Madison,
  Benjamin Franklin

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Chapter ThreeThe Constitution

• Section TwoCreating and Ratifying the
  Constitution

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What problems did the framers of the
Constitution face DURING the Constitutional
Convention?

• Fear of outside pressure and undue influence from
  constituents
• Concern over voting procedures
• Arguments over two plans of government (Virginia
  Plan v. New Jersey Plan)

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Virginia Plan

• Bicameral Legislature
• Both houses will base representation on
  population
• Will have a president, legislature, and court
  systemThree Branches of Government!

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New Jersey Plan

• Unicameral Legislature
• Representation in legislature will be the same
  for all states

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The Great Compromise (AKA Connecticut Plan)

• Bicameral legislature
• Representation in one house (the House of
  Representatives) will be determined by population
  (representative elected by the people)
• Representation in the other house (the Senate)
  will be the same for each state (two per state,
  elected by the state legislature)
• THIS SLIDE IS VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!

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Problems DURINGCommerce Compromise

• Fixing problems with commerce and trade
• States could not tax exports or imports
• States could not deal individually with other
  nations
• Congress was allowed to regulate trade between
  states could not tax interstate trade
• Standardized currency and weights and measured

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Slavery Compromises

• Slave Trade
• Fugitive slave clause
• Three-Fifths Compromise

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How do will we elect our president?

• Elected by Congress??
• Elected by the people??
• Compromise The Electoral College

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What problems did the framers of the
Constitution face AFTER the Constitutional
Convention?

• Anti-Federalists disapproved
• Federalists fought against Anti-Federalists

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Chapter ThreeThe Constitution

• Section OneThe Road to the Constitution

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What is the preamble to the Constitution?

• Introductory paragraph with six goals
• Make a more perfect union
• Establish justice
• Ensure domestic tranquility
• Provide for the common defense
• Promote the general welfare
• Secure liberty for all future generations

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What is the purpose of Article I?Powers and
responsibilities of Congress

• Borrow money
• Regulate trade
• Control immigration
• Coin money
• Establish post offices
• Create federal courts
• Declare war
• Finance the military
• Make laws necessary to to carrying out their
  powers (necessary and proper clause)

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What is the purpose of Article II?Powers of the
President

• Commander in Chief
• Make treaties
• Grant pardons and reprieves
• Appoint federal judges
• Appoint other high officers in government

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What is the purpose of Article III?The Powers of
the Judicial Branch

• Jurisdiction over federal crimes and federal
  civil cases
• Can overturn any laws that are made that violate
  the constitution (Judicial Review)

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Extra Credit QuizThe Preamble and the
Constitution 

• List THREE GOALS of the Preamble
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• List THREE Powers of Congress
• List THREE Powers of the President
• What is the vocabulary word that means the
  ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law to
  be unconstitutional

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• Purpose of Article IV?
• Describes the relations between the states
• Full faith and credit clause
• How new states are admitted
• All states must have a republican form of
  government
• Issues of extradition

• Purpose of Article V?
• Describes how the Constitution can be amended
• Amendments must be proposed by 2/3 of Congress
• Amendments must be ratified by ¾ of the states

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How can the Constitution be amended?
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• What is the purpose of Article VI?
• Contains the Supremacy Clause

• What is the purpose of Article VII?
• Describes process for ratification9 of the
  original 13 states must approve for the
  Constitution to be official

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How is the Constitution interpreted?

• Necessary and Proper Clause
• Through different people interpreting the
  Constitution over time

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• Section Four
• Underlying Principles of the Constitution
• Popular Sovereignty (Voting)
• Separation of Powers (Checks and
  Balances)prevents abuses of power

Checks and Balances.doc
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• Section Four
• Underlying Principles of the Constitution
• 3. FederalismCooperation between federal, state,
  and local governments. (Enumerated,Concurrent,
  Reserved Powers)
• 4. Limited Government(Bill of Rights)

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FederalismTypes of Powers