Terrorism

1
Terrorism

• By Mr. Prosen

2
origins

• We define terrorism as use of violence and
  intimidation to achieve a goal often political

3
(No Transcript)
4
Methods used

• Kidnapping
• Hostage taking
• Bombing
• Shooting
• Hijacking
• Destruction
• Suicide bombers

5
causes

• Can be racial (KKK)
• Ethical- attacks on abortion clinics
• Religious
• Political disputes

6
Early roots

• Earliest forms can be traced back to 1300s
• Tartars threw dead bodies over the walls of
  Kaffa- hoping to introduce plague
• Kaffa was a self sufficient city controlled by
  the Genoans, and the Tartars had been struck by
  plague in Asia, so dead bodies were launched over
  the walls of Kaffa

7

• Took more of a large scale form when the
  communist revolution took its roots in Russia
• A weaker, smaller force could achieve objectives

8
Terrorism as we know today

• Generally felt to begin after the Arab-Israeli
  Six Day War in 1967
• Another defeat by the Israelis against the
  Arabs-Isreal then occupied the West Bank and Gaza
• PLO born

9
July 22, 1968

• PLO members hijack and Israeli airliner and
  redirect it to Algeria
• 22 Israelis were held for five weeks, but no
  casualties
• PLO was led by Yassir Arafat, now Mahmoud Abbas

10
PLO Goals

• Goal is the destruction of Israel
• Considered the richest terrorist organization
• Now has governance of the West Bank and Gaza Strip

11
TERROR

• Has accomplished some of the PLOs goals
• Was a way to use force against Israel, but never
  against the Israeli military (IDF)

12
Strong Examples of Terror do not just happen in
the Mid East

• Northern Ireland
• Nationalists -who are predominantly Catholic and
  want it to be unified with the Republic of
  Ireland
• The other side- the British Government, its
  Security Agencies and those claiming to represent
  Unionists (who are predominantly Protestant the
  majority

13
TERROR- Irish Republican Army

• The Catholics want to unite with Ireland, and
  have used terror to achieve their goals- could
  not defeat the British militarily
• IRA- considered by many to be a terrorist group
  leads this

14
Sunday Bloody Sunday

• incident in Derry, Northern Ireland, on 30
  January 1972 in which 26 civil rights protesters
  were shot by members of 1st Battalion of the
  British Parachute Regiment lead by
  Lieutenant-Colonel Derek

15
Where the Streets Have No Name

• During the troubles in Northern Ireland, British
  troops were regularly 'rotated' in short tours of
  duty, each new battalion would take a while to
  get to know their 'patch'. To keep the troops
  confused and uncertain, the IRA used to remove
  street signs in Londonderry, Armagh and Belfast
  as so many of the 'back-to-backs' looked alike.
  Hence, 'Streets with no names'

16
Peace was established

• ending with the Good Friday Agreement on April
  10, 1998.
• Recognized more rights of Northern Ireland

17
1972 Olympics- Munich, Germany

• On 5 September Palestinian terrorists from the
  Black September terrorist group held 9 Israeli
  athletes hostage and killed 2 other athletes in
  their apartment

18

• A picture of the athletes shortly before the
  massacre

• A siege in the Olympic village lasted for almost
  18 hours. During a failed rescue attempt at the
  military airport of Fürstenfeldbruck all the
  Israeli hostages were massacred by their captors
  and all but three of the terrorists were killed.

19
Terrorist Demands

• demanded the release and safe passage to Egypt of
  234 Palestinians and non-Arabs jailed in Israel

Seal of 1972 Olympics
20
One Day in September

• 2005 movie by Stephen Spielberg on these events..

21
1993 Bombing of the WTC

• Al-Queda car bomb in the parking garage
  underneath Tower 1 of the WTC
• The 1,500-lb urea nitrate-fuel oil device killed
  six and injured 1,042 people.
• Was to devastate the foundation of the North
  Tower, causing it to collapse onto its twin.

22
Oklahoma City Bombing

• killing 168 people and injuring over 800.
• deadliest domestic terrorist attack in the
  history of the United States and was the
  deadliest act of terrorism within U.S. borders
  until September 11, 2001.

23

• Timothy McVeigh and his friend Terry Nichols, had
  sympathies with the anti-government militia
  movement and claimed that the bombing was to
  avenge the government's handling of the Waco
  Siege.

24

• On February 28, 1993, the Bureau of Alcohol,
  Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) raided the
  Branch Davidian ranch at Mount Carmel, a property
  located nine miles east-northeast of Waco, Texas.
  The initial raid resulted in the deaths of four
  agents and six Davidians. The subsequent 51-day
  siege by the FBI ended on April 19 when fire
  completely consumed the complex, killing 74
  people, including two pregnant women, 21
  children, and Davidian leader David Koresh, and
  has come to be known as the Waco Siege

25

• Koresh declared that he was entitled to at least
  140 wives, that he was entitled to claim any of
  the females in the group as his, that he had
  fathered at least a dozen children by the harem
  and that some of these mothers became brides as
  young as twelve or thirteen years old.

26

• In 1992 the ATF became concerned over reports of
  automatic gunfire coming from the Carmal compoud.
  Subsequent investigations, including sending in
  one agent undercover, revealed that there were
  over 150 weapons and 8,000 rounds of ammunition
  in the complex.

27

• At 902 a.m. , a Ryder truck containing about
  5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) of explosive material
  detonated
• The blast was registered 6.0 on the Richter scale
  and could be felt up to fifty-five miles away

28
Centennial Olympic Park bombing

• Terrorist Bombing on July 27, 1996 in Atlanta
  during the 1996 Summer Olympics
• the first of four committed by Eric Rudulph -he
  also bombed abortion clinics and lesbian
  nightclubs
• Two people died, and 111 were injured.

29

• Rudolph planted a green military backpack
  containing three pipe bombs- surrounded by nails
  underneath a bench near the base of a concert
  sound tower.

30
East African bombings

• 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings, Aug 7, 1998
• 257 people were killed and over 4,000 wounded in
  simultaneous car bomb explosions at the US
  embassies in the Tanzania and Kenya
• Al-Queda responsible
• In the picture, Nairobi, Kenya

31
Al Qaedas list of grievances

• American participation in the first Gulf War
• military operations in Somalia
• military involvement in Yemen.
• However, the United States presence in Saudi
  Arabia - a state that is home to a number of the
  holiest sites in Islam - was perhaps the focal
  point of Al Qaedas anger.

32
USS Cole

• On Oct 12, 2000
• the Cole was attacked from a small boat by
  suicide bombers, while she was harbored in the
  Yemini port of Aden
• Seventeen sailors were killed and 39 were
  injured.
• Al-Queda responsible

33
Beslan school siege-Russia

• began when armed Muslim terrorists took more than
  1200 school children and adults hostage on Sept1,
  2004
• 344 civilians were killed, 186 of them
  children,and hundreds more wounded.
• Chechen terrorists- want independence from Russia
• There are explosives wired to the basketball hoops

34

• Moscow theatre hostage crisis was the seizure on
  Oct 23, 2002, of a Moscow Theater
• armed Chechen militants who claimed allegiance to
  the separatist movement of Chechnya
• They took 850 hostages and demanded the
  withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya

35

• After a siege of two and a half days, Russian
  special forces raided the building with the
  assistance of an unidentified "knockout gas".
• All of the 33 terrorists were killed, along with
  at least 129 of the hostages

36

• Also have been attacks in Bali, Indonesia
• Madrid, Spain
• London Subways.
• And many others I did not go over