Obesity Trends Among U'S' Adults BRFSS, 1985

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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
4
Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
(BMI ?30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
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History of Weight Control
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History of Weight Control
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History of Weight Control
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Percent of adults who are overweight or obese
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Percent of adults who are overweight or obese
65
2/3 of adults are overweight or obese
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Excess Body Weight and Reduction of Lifespan
-3.1
-3.3
-5.8
-7.1
Ann Intern Med. 200313824-32
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Body Fat and Risk
Risk
Body Mass Index
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1990
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1991-92
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1993-94
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1995-96
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1995
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1997-98
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 1999
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 200124412.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 2000
Source Mokdad et al., J Am Med Assoc 200128610.
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Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S.,BRFSS 2001
Source Mokdad et al., J Am Med Assoc 200128610.
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Lifetime Risk of Diabetes for Children Born in
2000
Venkat Narayan, JAMA 20032901884
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Diabetes and Reduction in Lifespan
-14.3 yrs
-11.6 yrs
JAMA 20032901884-1890
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Diabetes and Reduction in Quality Adjusted Life
Years
-18.6 yrs
-22.0 yrs
JAMA 20032901884-1890
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Life Expectancy in the U.S.
2-5 year decline in life expectancy
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Lifetime Risk for Chronic Diseases
NCI Canada, 2.0 Lancet 199935389
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How People Died in 2003
Cancer 24
Accidents Suicide Infections Kidney failure Lung
failure Others 40
Cardiovascular Disease 36
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How People Died in 2003
CVD
Cancer
Other
Up to 70 of all causes of death are lifestyle
related and preventable
The Culprit and The Cure, 2005
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National prevalence of lifestyle related health
risks
CDC, BRFSS, 2002
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Percent of Selected Chronic Diseases That Are
Likely Avoidable
91
82
71
70
Sources Stampfer, 2000 Platz, 2000 Hu, 2001
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How did we get this way?
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5-a-day 1 million
Food Marketing 25 Billion
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Advertising
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Type of Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
CVD risk
Hu, New Eng J Med1997
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Lung cancer and vegetable intake
Relative risk
Vegetable intake grams/day
Am Inst for Cancer Research, 1997
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Stomach cancer and vegetable intake
Relative risk
Vegetable intake grams/day
Am Inst for Cancer Research, 1997
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Stomach cancer and fruit intake
Relative risk
Fruit intake grams/day
Am Inst for Cancer Research, 1997
63
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Unpaired Electrons
69

• Free radicals can
• Disrupt or destroy cells
• Damage DNA, lipid membranes, mitochondria, and
  proteins
• Disrupt vital functions

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• DNA in each cell gets a hit from a free radical
  every 10 seconds
• Each cell gets 10,000 hits/day

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Cancer deaths by age, in 2001
80 of all cancers occur after age 55
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Where do free radicals come from?

• Most are produced by our own bodies by the
  electron transport system (ETC)
• UV light
• burned food
• toxic chemicals
• Industrial
• automobile pollution
• unknown sources

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Cigarette Smoke

• One puff of smoke contains
• 100,000,000,000,000,000
• free radical species
• Tobacco is responsible for 31 of all cancers

75
Cancer death and smoking
Relative risk
Number of cigarettes/day
76
If you are a smoker
-14.5 yrs
-13.2 yrs
MMWR 199746444-51
77
How do we protect our selves?
78
Phytochemicals

• Carotenoids
• Beta-carotene
• Lycopene
• Lutein
• Zeaxanthin
• Organosulfurs
• Flavinoids

• Phytosterols
• Alkaloids
• Tannins
• Saponins
• 100,000 more we have yet to identify

79
Our Current (Western) Lifestyle

• Little Physical Activity
• Red meat
• Processed meat
• Butter
• Potatoes
• Refined grains
• High fat dairy foods

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Adopt and Maintain A Healthy Lifestyle

• Learn Why lifestyle is important
• Learn What a healthy lifestyle is
• Learn How to maintain good behaviors for life

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Difference in Years of Life Between High and Low
Health Risk
Frazier, Arch Intern Med. 20011611645
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Low vs High Health Risks and Life Expectancy
(cumulative)
Age
Frazier et al,Arch Intern Med. 20011611645
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Real and Possible Changes in Life Span (7th Day
Adventists)
?
?
Fraser et al. Arch Intern Med, 20011611645-1652
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Real and Possible Changes in Life Span (Mormon
High Priests and wives)
?
?
Mormon High Priests and Wives, Enstrom, UCLA, 1989
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What Can I Expect if I Reduce My Health Risks?
10 to 20 years of extended, high-quality living
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And

• Improved quality of life
• Reduced Chronic Disease
• Less medications
• Less Hospital time
• Fewer Surgical procedures
• Postponed disability (Compression of Morbidity)

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Compression of Morbidity
Morbidity
Lifespan in years
76
0
Chronic disability
Ann Intern Med, 2003139455-459
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Compression of Morbidity
Morbidity
Lifespan in years
0
?
76
86
Chronic disability
92
Reductions of Near Death Morbidity
Morbidity
Lifespan in years
Morbidity
Lifespan in years
93
With a Healthy Lifestyle

• Life span can increase
• Chronic disability can be delayed from 7-12 years
• The amount of near death morbidity is reduced by
  75
• Health care costs are also dramatically reduced

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Randomized Results
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