Ecoefficiency

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Eco-efficiency

• Makes becoming more efficient good business
  sense.
• More value from lower inputs of materials
  energy with reduced emissions
• Applies throughout a company - all departments
• Three broad objectives

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Objective 1

• Reducing consumption of resources
• energy
• materials
• water
• land

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Objective 2

• Reducing impact on nature by minimising
• air emissions
• water discharges
• waste disposal
• dispersion of toxic substances
• and sustainable use of renewable resources

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Objective 3

• Increasing product or service value by providing
  more benefits to customers through
• product functionality
• flexibility
• modularity
• focussing on selling functional needs

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Optional Additional Objective

• Implement and Environmental Management System to
  drive this approach
• ensures all risks and opportunities are
  identified managed

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Implementing Eco-efficiency

• Four key steps for implementation
• Works in all types of organisations from Large
  transnational companies to small medium sized
  enterprises (SMEs)
• Applicable in developing countries and emerging
  economies as well as industrialised nations

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Step One

• Re-engineer their processes to
• reduce consumption of resources
• reduce pollution
• avoid risks
• save costs

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Step Two

• Co-operate with other companies to find new ways
  to deal with by-products from their processes
• striving for zero-waste or 100 product targets
  can help find other companies who use their
  so-called waste

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Step Three

• Redesign products using sustainable or ecodesign
  techniques to
• use less energy
• use less water
• use less material
• make recyclable
• etc

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Step Four

• Identify new ways of meeting customer needs
• work with stakeholders to rethink markets
  reshape demand and supply
• find different and better ways to satisfy needs

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History of Eco-efficiency

• Term first used by Swiss researchers in 1990
• Idea that preventing pollution and avoiding waste
  pays off financially pre-dates this by 15 years
• 3M initiated its pollution prevention pays (3P)
  in 1975 - 800 million savings in first years
  through 4000 projects
• Dow Chemicals followed with Waste Reduction
  Always Pays (WRAP) programme

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History of Eco-efficiency

• Concept taken up by World Business Council for
  Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
• WBCSD helped many companies in Europe, North
  Latin America adopt the principle (now on other
  continents)
• WBCSD stated that only what gets measured gets
  done so they developed a framework for measuring
  eco-efficiency

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Limitations to Eco-Efficiency

• Increase efficiency will not be enough but
  instead need an absolute cutback in resource use.
• Eco-effectiveness instead - use innovation more
• Sufficiency rather than efficiency
• Only cover two of three elements of
  sustainability
• However it is not meant to be an all-inclusive
  panacea

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VW Lupo

• Brought to market 1999
• Fuel consumption 3 litres per 100 km
• Innovative design with eco-efficiency elements
• Low-emissions
• VW state that performance is optimised throughout
  life cycle Built from recycled steel
• Production minimises waste emissions
• Designed for dismantling and recycling
• Meets customers needs good driving performance
  at low price

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Car Sharing in Switzerland

• Since 1997 Swiss Federal Railways co-operated
  with a car sharing company.
• Service for people who frequently want to use a
  car without buying one.
• Cars parked at pre-defined places, ready for use
  for a pre-announced period of time
• 1300 cars in 330 communities in Switzerland
• Members change travel behaviour - 2/3rds travel
  by public transport
• Car sharers consume less than half the amount of
  fuel they did when they had their own car