Analyzing Human-Computer

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Analyzing Human-Computer Interaction as
Distributed Cognition The Resources Model
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Introduction
Promoter Emphasis
Cognitive Anthropology Hutchins Study of real-world settings and the role that artifacts play in the practice of work.
Cognitive Psychology Norman Zhang Study of the individual on a technological environment, and the distinction between knowledge in the head and in the world is central.
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Introduction
Zhang and Norman (1994) - Tower of Hanoi
Zhang (1996) - RIDs (relation information
displays) Monk (1999) - Limitation of
display-based model
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Introduction
Zhang and Norman (1994) - Tower of
Hanoi Hutchins (1995) - Cockpit Suchman
(1987) - Plan
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Information Structures

• Two components of the resources model
• Distinction of the resources model (Marr, 1982
  Huchins, 1995)

Plans Internal, External
Goals Internal, External
Possibilities External
History External
Action-Effect Relations Internal, External
States External
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Processing in the Resources Model
Cyclic models of interaction
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Processing in the Resources Model
Interaction Strategies
Plan following Plan History State Goal
Plan construction Goal Possibility Action-effect State
Goal matching Goal Possibility Action-effect
History-based selection and elimination Goal Possibility History
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Comparing Interfaces
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Comparing Interfaces
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Comparing Interfaces
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Analyzing Interaction Episodes
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Analyzing Interaction Episodes
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Analyzing Interaction Episodes
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Analyzing Interaction Episodes
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Analyzing Interaction Episodes
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Interface Design, Resources, and Interaction
Strategies
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Discussion and Conclusions

• Distributed cognition makes a valuable
  contribution to both CSCW and HCI theory and
  design
• Reexamine the relation between actors, artifacts,
  and the settings in which interactions occur.
• Hope for the resources model in the long term is
  that it may provide a way of relating HCI and
  CSCW issues more closely.
• Will be to extend the resources model to
  collaborative settings.